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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Our whole body is made up of ____
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atoms
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what reactions underline all physical properties in our body?
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chemical
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Define Energy
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the capacity to do work or to put matter into motion... also known as force that moves matter
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Define Kinetic Energy
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Energy in action/motion
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Define Potential Energy
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Stored energy, the CAPACITY to do work.
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Define matter
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anything the occupies space and has mass, a substance
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what are the states of matter?
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solid, liquid, gas
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Potential energy has matter true or false
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false
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what are the 4 forms of energy
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1. Chemical
2. Electrical 3. Mechanical 4. Electromagnetic |
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Define chemical energy
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energy stored in bonds of chemical substances like ATP
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Define electrical energy
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energy formed by the movement of charged particles (ions) across cell membrane
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Which energy is involved with directly moving matter
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Mechanical
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Another term for wave energy
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electromagnetic energy
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what form of energy is found in the food we eat?
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chemical
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What form of energy is used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another?
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electrical energy
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What type of energy is available when we are still? When we are exercising?
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POTENTIAL then converted into KINETIC energy when we exercise
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All matter is composed of ______
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ELEMENTS (Carbon)
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What are the four elements that make up 96% of our body weight
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
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total elements in our body
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24
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Elements are composed of building blocks known as ____
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atoms
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An atoms consists of a ____ containing ____ _____, with ____ in orbit around the nucleus in shells
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1. nucleus
2. protons and neutron 3. electons |
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All matter is composed of ______
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ELEMENTS (Carbon)
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What are the four elements that make up 96% of our body weight
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carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
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total elements in our body
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24
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Elements are composed of building blocks known as ____
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atoms
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An atoms consists of a ____ containing ____ _____, with ____ in orbit around the nucleus in shells
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1. nucleus
2. protons and neutron 3. electons |
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what does an electrically neutral atom have?
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equal number of protons and electrons
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the number of protons denotes the 1. ____ ____ of an element; the number of protons plus the number of neutrons equals the 2. ____ ____
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1. atomic number
2. atomic weight |
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all the mass of an atom is where?
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the nucleus
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What do protons determine? It is what makes the important
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what the element is
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What do the electrons determine?
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HOW the element will react or bonds with the other atoms
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Define Isotopes
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Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons
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What makes an atom radioacitve?
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if the # of neutrons in an atom's nucleus make the atom UNSTABLE!
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True or False a compound is formed when two or more atoms combine
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False a MOLECULE is formed in a COMPOUND. A compound is formed when atoms of DIFFERENT elements combine.
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How do the terms atomic mass and atomic weight differ?
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atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons, atomic weight indicates the average mass of all isotopes of a given element.
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An element has a mass of 207 and has 125 neutrons in its nucleus. How many protons and electrons does it have and where is it located?
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82 protons in nucleus and 82 electrons in its orbit (electron cloud).
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What two elements besides H and N make up the bulk of living matter?
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Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O)
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Why is sodium chloride (NaCl) considered a compound but oxygen is not?
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NaCl are different atoms/elements combing, oxygen is a molecule.
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Define Ionic Bonding
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the TRANSFER of one or more electrons from one atom to another
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How are covalent bonds formed?
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by SHARING electrons to become stable with filled outer shells
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what kinds of bonds form between water molecules?
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hydrogen bonds
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Oxygen (8 O) and argon (18 A) are both gases, Oxygen combines readily with other elements, but argon does not. What accounts for the difference?
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Argons valence electrons are full, therefore it is nonreactive.
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How does hydrogen bonding work?
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It works more like an attraction than true bonding, hydrogen atom is already linked to another atom and a bridge forms between them, Water
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When does a chemical reaction occur?
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When chemical bonds are broken, formed between ions, atoms, or molecules
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what is the difference between reactants and products?
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reactants are those that are changed by chemical rxn, products are what is formed after chemical rxn
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true or false synthesis is when two or more atoms can be joined
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true
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larger molecules can be broken down into smaller molecules by ______ ______
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decomposition reaction
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_____ reactions have an exchange of electrons between the reactants.
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oxidation-reduction (redox rxn)
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larger molecules can be broken down into smaller molecules by ______ ______
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decomposition reaction
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_____ reactions have an exchange of electrons between the reactants.
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oxidation-reduction
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what are the three types of mixtures?
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solutions, colloids, suspensions
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solute particle are very tiny, do not settle out or scatter light.. I am
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a solution (mineral water)
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my solute particles are larger than in a solution and scatter light; do not settle I AM
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a colloid (gelatin)
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My solute particles are very large, settle out, and may scatter light I AM
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a suspension (blood)
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what are the two metabolic processes?
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anabolic and catabolic
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define anabolic
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the build of larger molecules from small ones, requiring energy.
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anabolism uses ____ ____ by removing a molecule to join smaller molecules
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dehydration synthesis
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give some examples of dehydration synthesis
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polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins
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define catabolism
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breaks apart larger molecules into their building blocks
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a peptide bonds forms between two amino acids true or false
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true
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catabolism occurs via ___, wherein a molecule of water is inserted into a polymer which is split into two smaller molecules
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hydrolysis
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what controls the rates of all the metabolic reactions in the cells?
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enzymes
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what is the function of enzymes?
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complex proteins used to lower the activation energy of a reaction so it my proceed rapidly.
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another name for enzymes is
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catalyst
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there are two types of energy flow, what are they?
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exergonic and endergonic
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define exergonic
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release energy-products have less energy than initial reactants- energy/heat give off (water)
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define endergonic
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ABSORB energy-reactions contain more potential energy in the chemical bonds
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substances that release ions in water are known as _____
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electrolytes
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electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called _____
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acids
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electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water are called ___
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bases
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__ represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
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pH
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true or false
compounds that contain both hydrogen and carbon are inorganic, the others are organic |
false, hydrogen and carbon or ORGANIC the others are INORGANIC
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what is the driving force of metabolism
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oxygen -- its needed to release energy from nutrients and a driving forces
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1. ___ ____ is released as a 2. ___ ____ during energy-releasing metabolic reactions
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1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Waste Product |
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True or False, all carbon dioxide is release during metabolic reactions
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False, not all
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what is the driving force of metabolism
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oxygen -- its needed to release energy from nutrients and a driving forces
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1. ___ ____ is released as a 2. ___ ____ during energy-releasing metabolic reactions
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1. Carbon Dioxide
2. Waste Product |
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True or False, all carbon dioxide is release during metabolic reactions
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False, not all
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what do carbohydrates provide for cellular activities
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energy
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carbohydrates are made from _____
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monossachrides
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define steroids
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a complex ring structures, and include cholesterol, which is used to synthesize sex hormones
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define phospholipids
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contain glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group, and are important in cell structures
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another term for lipids is?
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reserved energy
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saturated fats have a single bond and unsaturated fats have a one or more double bonds. true or false
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true
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where is cholesterol produced?
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the liver
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cholesterol plays a big role in ____ ___ and _____
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cell wall: vitamin D
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what are the building blocks of proteins?
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amino acids
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proteins complex shape is held together by what bonds?
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hydrogen
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what forms genes and takes part of protein synthesis?
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nucleic acids
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what do nucleic acids contain?
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
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what are two major types of nucleic acids?
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DNA & RNA
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True or False? DNA is the genetic information which carries out protein synthesis and RNA directs protein synthesis
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False, DNA directs protein synthesis and RNA carries it out
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