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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Orbicularis oculi
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Description:
Thin, tripartite sphincter muscle of the eyelid; surrounds the rim of the orbit |
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Orbicularis oculi
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Origin (O):
frontal and maxillary bones and ligaments around the orbit Insertion (I): tissue of the eyelid |
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Obicularis oculi
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Action:
CLOSES EYE; various parts can be activated individually by blinking, squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly |
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Orbicularis oculi
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Zygomaticus
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Description:
Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheekbone to corner of the mouth |
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Zygomaticus
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Origin (O):
zygomatic bone Insertion (I): skin and muscle at the corner of the mouth |
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Zygomaticus
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Action:
RAISES LATERAL CORNERS OF MOUTH UPWARD (*smiling muscle) |
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Zygomaticus
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Risorius
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Description:
slender muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus |
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Risorius
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Origin (O):
lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle Insertion (I): skin at angle of mouth |
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Risorius
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Action:
DRAWS CORNER OF LIP LATERALLY; tenses lips; synergist of zygomaticus |
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Risorius
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Levator labii superioris
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Description:
thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin |
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Levator labii superioris
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Origin (O):
zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla Insertion (I): skin and muscle of upper lip |
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Levator labii superioris
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Action:
OPENS LIPS; raises and furrows the upper lip |
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Levator labii superioris
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Depressor labii inferioris
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Description:
small muscle running from mandible to lower lip |
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Depressor labii inferioris
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Origin (O):
body of mandible lateral to its midline Insertion (I): skin and muscle of lower lip |
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Depressor labii inferioris
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Action:
DRAWS LOWER LIP INFERIORLY (*pouting muscle) |
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Depressor labii inferioris
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Depressor anguli oris
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Description:
small muscle running from mandible to lower lip |
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Depressor anguli oris
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Origin (O):
body on mandible below incisors Insertion (I): skin and muscle at the angle of the mouth below insertion of zygomaticus |
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Depressor anguli oris
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Action:
DRAWS CORNERS OF MOUTH DOWNWARD AND LATERALLY (*tragedy mask); zygomaticuz and antagonist |
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Depressor anguli oris
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Orbicularis oris
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Description:
complicated, multilayered muscle of the lips with fibers that run in many different directions; most run circularly |
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Orbicularis oris
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Origin (O):
arises indirectly from maxilla and mandible; fibers blended with fibers of other fibers of other facial muscles associated with the lips Insertion (I): encircles mouth; inserts into muscle and skin at angles of mouth |
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Orbicularis oris
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Action:
CLOSES LIPS; purses and protrudes lips; *kissing and whistling muscle |
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Orbicularis oris
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Mentalis
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Description:
one of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin |
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Mentalis
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Origin (O):
mandible below incisors Insertion (I): skin of chin |
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Mentalis
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Action:
WRINKLES CHIN; protrudes lower lip |
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Mentalis
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Buccinator
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Description:
thin, horizontal cheek muscle; principal muscle of cheek; deep to masseter |
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Buccinator
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Origin (O):
molar region of maxilla and mandible Insertion (I): orbicularis oris |
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Buccinator
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Action:
COMPRESSES CHEEK; trampoline-like action holds food between teeth during chewing; draws corner of mouth laterally; well developed in nursing infants |
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Buccinator
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Platysma
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Description:
unpaired, thin, sheetlike superficial neck muscle; not strictly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expression |
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Platysma
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Origin (O):
fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles and deltoid) Insertion (I): lower margin of mandible, and skin and muscle at corner of mouth |
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Platysma
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Action:
TENSES SKIN OF NECK; helps depress mandible; pulls lower lip back and down |
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Platysma
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Nerve Supply:
facial supply |
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Masseter
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Description:
powerful muscle that covers lateral aspect of mandibular ramus |
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Masseter
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Origin (O):
zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone Insertion (I): angle and ramus of mandible |
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Masseter
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Action:
PRIME MOVER OF JAW CLOSURE; elevates mandible |
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Masseter
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Nerve Supply:
Trigeminal nerve (cranial V) |
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Temporalis
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Description:
fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal, and parietal bones |
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Temporalis
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Origin (O):
temporal fossa Insertion (I): coronoid process of mandible via a tendon that passes deep to zygomatic arch |
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Temporalis
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Action:
CLOSES JAW; elevates and retracts mandible; maintains position of the mandible at rest; deep anterior part may hepl protract mandible |
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Temporalis
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Nerve Supply:
Trigeminal nerve |
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Medial pterygoid
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Description:
deep two-headed muscle that runs along internal surface of mandible and is largely concealed by that bone |
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Medial pterygoid
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Origin (O):
medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla, and palatine bone Insertion (I): medial surface of mandible near its angle |
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Medial pterygoid
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Action:
ACTS WITH THE LATERAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE TO PROTRUDE (PROTRACT) MANDIBLE AND TO PROMOTE SIDE-TO-SIDE (GRINDING) MOVEMENTS; synergist of temporalis and masseter muscles in elevation of the mandible |
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Medial pterygoid
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Nerve Supply:
Trigeminal nerve |
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Lateral pterygoid
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Description:
Deep two-headed muscle; lies superior to medial pterygoid muscle |
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Lateral pterygoid
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Origin (O):
greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone Insertion (I): condyle of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint |
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Lateral pterygoid
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Action:
PROVIDES FORWARD SLIDING AND SIDE-TO-SIDE GRINDING MOVEMENTS OF THE LOWER TEETH; protrudes mandible (pulls it anteriorly) |
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Lateral pterygoid
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Nerve Supply:
Trigeminal nerve |
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Genioglossus
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Description:
fan-shaped muscle; forms bulk of inferior part of tongue; its attachment to mandible prevents tongue from falling backward and obstructing respiration |
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Genioglossus
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Origin (O):
internal surface of mandible near symphysis Insertion (I): inferior aspect of the tongue and body of hyoid bone |
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Genioglossus
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Action:
PROTRACTS TONGUE; can depress or act in concert with other extrinsic muscles to retract tongue |
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Genioglossus
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Nerve Supply:
Hypoglossal nerve (cranial XII) |
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Hypoglossus
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Description:
flat, quadrilateral muscle |
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Hypoglossus
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Origin (O):
body and greater horn of hyoid bone Insertion (I): inferolateral tongue |
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Hypoglossus
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Action:
DEPRESSES TONGUE and draws its sides downward |
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Hypoglossus
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Nerve Supply:
Hypoglossal nerve |
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Styloglossus
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Description:
slender muscle running superiorly to and at right angles to hypoglossus |
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Styloglossus
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Origin (O):
styloid process of temporal bone Insertion (I): inferolateral tongue |
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Styloglossus
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Action:
RETRACTS (AND ELEVATES) TONGUE |
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Styloglossus
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Nerve Supply:
hypoglossal nerve |
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Suprahyoid Muscle
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Description:
muscles that help form floor of oral cavity, anchor tongue, elevate hyoid, and move larnyx superiorly during swallowing; lie superior to hyoid bone |
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Digastric
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Description:
consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V shape under the chin |
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Digastric
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Origin (O):
lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly) Insertion (I): by a connective tissue |
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Digastric
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Action:
OPENS MOUTH AND DEPRESS MANDIBLE; acting in concert, the digastric muscles elevate hyoid bone and steady it during swallowing and speech |
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Digastric
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Nerve Supply:
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (cranial V) for the anterior belly; facial nerve (cranial VII) for posterior belly |
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Stylohyoid
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Description:
slender muscle below angle of jaw; parallels posterior belly of digastric muscle |
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Stylohyoid
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Origin (O):
styloid process of temporal bone Insertion (I): hyiod bone |
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Stylohyoid
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Action:
ELEVATES AND RETRACTS HYOID, elongating the floor of mouth during swallowing |
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Stylohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
facial nerve |
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Mylohyoid
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Description:
flat, triangular muscle just deep to the digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth |
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Mylohyoid
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Origin (O):
medial surface of mandible Insertion (I): hyoid bone and median raphe (a median strip of connective tissue between the the mylohyoid muscles) |
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Mylohyoid
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Action:
ELEVATES HYOID BONE AND FLOOR OF MOUTH, enabling tongue to exert backward and upward pressure that forces food bolys into pharynx |
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Mylohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve |
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Geniohyoid
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Description:
narrow hyoid muscle in contact with its partner medially; runs from chin to hyoid bone deep mylohyoid |
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Geniohyoid
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Origin (O):
inner surface of mandibular symphysis Insertion (I): hyoid bone |
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Geniohyoid
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Action:
PULLS HYOID BONE SUPERIORLY AND ANTERIORLY, shortening floor of the mouth and widening pharynx for receiving food |
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Geniohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
First cervical spinal nerve via Hypoglossal nerve (cranial XII) |
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Infrahyoid Muscles
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Description:
straplike muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speaking |
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Sternohyoid
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Description:
most medial muscle of the neck; thin, superficial except inferiorly where covered by sternocleidomastoid |
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Sternohyoid
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Origin (O):
manubrium and medial end of clavicle Insertion (I): lover margin of bone |
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Sternohyoid
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Action:
DEPRESSES LARYNX AND HYOID BONE IF MANDIBLE IS FIXED; may also flex skull |
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Sternohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
Cervical spinal nerves 1-3 (C1-C3) though ansa cervical plexus) |
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Sternothyoid
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Description:
lateral and deep to sternohyoid |
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Sternothyoid
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Origin (O):
posterior surface of manubrium of sternum Insertion (I): thyroid cartilage |
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Sternothyoid
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Action:
PULLS LARYNX AND HYOID BONE INFERIORLY |
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Sternothyoid
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Nerve Supply:
As for sternohyoid |
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Omohyoid
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Description:
straplike muscle with two bellies united by an intermediate tendon; lateral to sternohyoid |
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Omohyoid
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Origin (O):
superior surface of scapula Insertion (I): hyoid bone, lower border |
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Omohyoid
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Action:
DEPRESSES AND RETRACTS HYOID BONE |
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Omohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
As for sternohyoid |
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Thyrohyoid
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Description:
appears as a superior continuation of sternothyroid muscle |
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Thyrohyoid
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Origin (O):
thyroid cartilage Insertion (I): hyoid bone |
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Thyrohyoid
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Action:
DEPRESSES HYOID BONE OR ELEVATES LARYNX IF HYOID IS FIXED |
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Thyrohyoid
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Nerve Supply:
First cervical nerve via hypoglossal nerve |
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Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
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Description:
Composite of three paired muscles whose fibers run circularly in pharynx wall; superior muscle is innermost and inferior one is outermost; substantial overlap |
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Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
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Origin (O):
attached anteriorly to mandible and medial pterygoid plate (superior), hyoid bone (middle), and laryngeal cartilages (inferior) Insertion (I): posterior median raphe of pharynx |
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Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
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Action:
CONSTRICT PHARYNX DURING SWALLOWING, which propels a food bolus to esophagus (via a massagelike action called perstalis) |
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Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
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Nerve Supply:
Pharyngeal plexus (branches of vagus nerve X) |