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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
neuron
transmit and receive electrical activity
neuroglial cells
support and protect neurons
nervous system function
controlling various activities in the body and sensing and responding to stimuli in the environment
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
all other nerves
CNS and PNS subdivisions
afferent (IN) and efferent (OUT)
motor system subdivisions
somatic (skeletal muscle-voluntary) and viseral (glands and cardiac/smooth muscles-involuntary)
structure of neurons
a)soma-body (nucleus, rer, mitocondria, golgi appr, axon hilock)
b)dentrite (rer, mitocondria)
c)axon (initial segment, mitocondria, vesicles, neurofibrils, microtubules)
anaxonic neuron
no axon (rare)
unipolar neuron
one axon (sensory neuron in PNS)
bipolar neuron
one axon and one dentrite (sight, smell, hearing)
multipolar neuron
one axon, many dentrites (motor neuron in CNS and PNS)
astrocyte
w/ capillaries, form the blood brain barrier, nutrition, repair neurons(neuroglia-CNS)
microglia
phagocytes (scavengers) of neural tissue (neuroglia-CNS)
ependymal
protective covers of free surfaces, regulate cerebralspinal fluid levels (neuroglia-CNS)
oligodendrocytes
provide axons with myelin (neuroglia-CNS)
satellite cells
surround cell bodies (neuroglia-PNS)
schwann cells
provide axons with myelin (neuroglia-PNS)
nodes of ranvier
where schwann cells abut each other and are one of the few places that axons are "naked"
tracts
axon bundles(white matter-CNS)
columns
group of axon bundles (white matter-CNS)
ganglia
collection of neuron cell bodies (gray matter-PNS)
nevers
axon bundles (white matter-PNS)
nerve regeneration
1)distal stump degenerates
2)macrophages eliminate debris
3)axons grow along schwann cell pathway to end organ