Human Anatomy Heart

Front 1

the middle mediastinum contains

Back 1

heart and pericardium, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, arch of azygos and inferior part of superior vena cava

Front 2

the purpose of the circulatory system is to what

Back 2

pump blood throughout the body, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, water, hormones, etc

Front 3

the heart is divided into 2 functional units

Back 3

pulminary circuit (right side receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs) / systemic circuit (left side receives oxygenated blood and pumps it throughout the body)

Front 4

the heart has 4 chambers

Back 4

2 atria (superior, entryway) and 2 ventricles (inferior, large spaces)

Front 5

the heart is position in the thorax how?

Back 5

situationed obliquely, 2/3 left, 1/3 right, apex (bottom of heart) directed anteriorly and left

Front 6

anterior border

Back 6

right ventricle

Front 7

left or lateral border

Back 7

left ventricle

Front 8

superior border

Back 8

left and right atria

Front 9

each atria has a what

Back 9

ear

Front 10

the pulmonary trunk and aorta exit the heart how

Back 10

superiorly

Front 11

inferior border

Back 11

left and right ventricles

Front 12

the inferior vena cava aproaches the heart from the

Back 12

inferior right side

Front 13

pericardium

Back 13

around the heart

Front 14

pericardium inner layer

Back 14

endocardium

Front 15

pericardium parietal layer

Back 15

parietal pericardium

Front 16

pericardium outer layer

Back 16

fibrous pericardium

Front 17

pericardial space

Back 17

a serous fluid filed space between parietal and visceral layers

Front 18

cardiac tamponade

Back 18

accumulation of blood, also called hemopericardium

Front 19

pericarditis

Back 19

lack of serous fluid causes pain when visceral and parietal layers adhere

Front 20

the walls of the heart consist of 3 layers

Back 20

endocardium (endothelial lining), myocardium (thick middle layer of cardiac muscle, INTERCALATED DISCS), epicardium (visceral pericardium)

Front 21

the right atrium receives

Back 21

deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava

Front 22

the left atrium receives

Back 22

oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

Front 23

atria are the

Back 23

filling chambers

Front 24

ventricles are the

Back 24

pumping chambers

Front 25

right ventricle pumps blood through the

Back 25

pulmonary arteries to the lungs

Front 26

left ventricle pumps blood through the

Back 26

aorta to the body

Front 27

the right and left ventricles are separated by

Back 27

an interventricular septum

Front 28

the septum is ____ inferiorly and ____ superiorly

Back 28

muscular, membranous

Front 29

right atrium associated with

Back 29

opening to the coronary sinus, fossa ovalis, sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, crista terminalis

Front 30

trabeculae carnae

Back 30

beams of meat

Front 31

conus arteriosis

Back 31

cone of the artery

Front 32

chordae tendinae

Back 32

tendonous cords

Front 33

papillary muscle

Back 33

nipple

Front 34

right ventricle includes

Back 34

trabeculae carnae, conus arteriosis, chordae tendinae, papillary muscle, moderator band

Front 35

moderator band

Back 35

muscular bundle that runs from interventricular septum to anterior papillary muscle, electrical impulse, prevents over dilation of ventricle

Front 36

left atrium

Back 36

smooth walled chamber, valve of foramen ovale, pulmonary veins, joined by pectinate lined right auricle

Front 37

left ventricle (strongest pump, thickest myocardium) includes

Back 37

trabeculae carnae, chordae tendinae, papillary muscle

Front 38

valves of the heart

Back 38

atrioventricular and semilunar

Front 39

tricuspid value

Back 39

separates right atrium and right ventricle of the atrioventricular valve

Front 40

bicuspid valve

Back 40

separates left atrium and left ventricle of the atrioventricular valve

Front 41

aortic semilunar valve

Back 41

lies between ascending aorta and the left ventricle

Front 42

pulmonary semilunar valve

Back 42

lies between the pulmonary trunk and the right ventricle

Front 43

arteries having valves

Back 43

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 44

sinus venosus

Back 44

pacemaker

Front 45

true/false: the fetus does not oxygenate blood in its lungs

Back 45

TRUE

Front 46

coronary arteries

Back 46

the arterial supply of oxygen to the muscles of the heart, under high pressure, brings blood away from heart

Front 47

left coronary artery branches into

Back 47

anterior interventricular artery, circumflex artery, left marginal arteries

Front 48

right coronary artery branches into

Back 48

right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery

Front 49

cardiac veins

Back 49

venous drainage of deoxygenated blood from the muscles of the heart, under low pressure, brings blood towards the heart

Front 50

cardiac veins include

Back 50

anterior cardiac vv, great cardiac v, middle cardiac v, small cardiac v, smallest cardiac vv (thebesian), coronary sinus

Front 51

the great cardiac vein becomes the coronary sinus which empties into the

Back 51

right atrium

Front 52

the middle and small cardiac veins empty into the

Back 52

coronary sinus

Front 53

the great cardiac vein runs along side

Back 53

anterior interventricular artery

Front 54

the middle cardiac vein runs along side

Back 54

posterior interventricular artery

Front 55

the small cardiac vein comes from the same area as the

Back 55

marginal artery

Front 56

cardiac skeleton

Back 56

dense connective tissue, encircles the 4 valves, attaches myocardium together

Front 57

sinoatrial node (SA)

Back 57

pacemaker

Front 58

atrioventricular node (AV)

Back 58

located in the base of the right atrium, transmits impulses via AV bundle (bundle of his), purkinje fibers

Front 59

purkinje fibers

Back 59

are extensions of the bundle into the papillary muscles and myocardium

Front 60

systole

Back 60

ventricular contraction (atria relaxing)

Front 61

diastole

Back 61

ventricular relaxation (atria contracting)

Front 62

lub

Back 62

atrioventricular valve slams shut

Front 63

dub

Back 63

semilunar values slam shut to prevent backflow of blood

Front 64

heart sympathetic response

Back 64

detects low blood pressure and high carbon dioxide, vessel diameter constricts and blood pressure increases (vaso constriction, cardiac nerves)

Front 65

heart parasympathtic response

Back 65

detects high blood pressure and low carbon dioxide, vessel diameter increases and blood pressure decreases (vaso dialation, vagus nerves)