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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the two unique aspects of the skin of the face
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thickness of the skin is less
muscles (of facial expression) insert into deep surface of the skin |
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What are the facial expression muscles also known as?
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mimetic muscles
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What are the mimetic muscles arranged around?
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eyes nostrils and mouth
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In general terms what are the mimetic muscles function as?
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dilators or sphincters
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The mimetic muscles are innervated by what?
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terminal branches of the facial nerve CN VII
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Sensory innervation to the face is provided by what?
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cutaneous branches of the trigeminal nerve
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The cutaneous nerves are branches of what three divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
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ophthalmic (V1)
maxillary (V2) mandibular (V3) |
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What nerves branch from V1?
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supraorbital n
supratrochlear n |
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What does the V1 supply?
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upper eyelid
skin of the forehead and anterior scalp |
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What are the nerve branches from V2?
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infraorbital nerve
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What does the infraorbital nerve supply?
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skin of nose lower eyelid upper lip and most of the cheek
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What nerve originates from V3?
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mental nerve
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What does the mental nerve supply?
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skin of the lower lip and chin
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How many terminal branches from the facial nerve innervate the muscles?
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5
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What does the facial nerve pass through before branching?
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parotid gland
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What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?
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temporal
zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical |
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What does the temporal branch supply?
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side of skull and forehead
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What does the zygomatic branch supply?
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muscles around the eye
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What does the buccal branches supply?
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muscles in the cheek
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What does the mandibular branches supply?
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lower lip and chin
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What does the cervical branch supply?
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platysma in neck
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What is the facial nerve know for compared to 12 cranial nerves?
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susceptible to injury and disease
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What is facial nerve paralysis
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Bell's palsy
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What is the result of Bell's Palsy
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weakness of facial muscles
complete paralysis of facial muscles |
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Is Bell's Palsy reversible?
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in most cases yes over time
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What two arteries supply the face and scalp?
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transverse facial artery
facial artery |
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What artery does the transverse facial artery branch from?
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superficial temporal
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Where does the transverse facial artery run?
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horizontally across the zygomatic arch
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What artery does the facial artery branch from?
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external carotid
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What does the facial artery supply?
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most of the facial region
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Where does the facial artery run?
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submandibular triangle
crosses mandible medial angle of eye |
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Where does facial vein lie?
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posterior to facial artery
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What does the facial vein connect to?
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common facial vein below mandible - eventually tributary to internal jugular vein
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What is the facial vein important?
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has connections with other veins including
superior ophthalmic (orbit) pterygoid plexxus (infratemporal fossa) |
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The superior ophthalmic & pterygoid plexus have connections with what?
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cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity
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What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
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Skin
Subcutaneous tissue galea aponeurotica Loose areolar tissue pericarnium |
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What does the subcutaneous tissue typically contain?
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vessels & nerves
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What is the galea aponeurotica?
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broad aponeurosis uniting two muscles
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What two muscles does the galea aponeurotica connect?
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frontalis
occipitalis |
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What does the loose areolar tissue permit?
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limited movement of the scalp
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What is the pericranium?
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periosterum of the skull
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The veins in the scalp have direct connections with venous channels in cranial cavity by what?
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emissary veins
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What do the emissary veins enter the skull through?
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foramina in the skull
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What are examples of foramina in the skull?
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parietal & mastoid foramina
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What can these vascular channels do?
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transmit infection of the scalp to cranial cavity
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What can't arteries of the scalp constrict easily to decrease hemorrhaging?
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dense layer of connective tissue prevents constriction
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anterior Innervation of the scalp is provided by what?
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supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
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Posterior innervation of the scalp is provided by what?
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lesser occipital nerves
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