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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anatomy
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study of shape/structure or organism + its parts
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physiology
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study of function of organism/its parts
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anatomical position
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body erect - palms, toes, face forward
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anterior/ventral
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toward the front, stomach side
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posterior/dorsal
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toward the back
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superior
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toward the head
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inferior
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toward the feet
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superficial
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on/near surface
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deep
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toward the inside
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lateral
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toward the side
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medial
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toward the middle
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transverse
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body divided into superior/inferior portions
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sagittal
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body divided into left/right portions
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cranial cavity
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contains brain
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spinal cavity
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surrounds spinal cord
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trunk
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torso w/out limbs
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thoracic cavity
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superior cavity of the trunk
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abdominal cavity
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inferior cavity of the trunk
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pelvis
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hip area near reproductive, digestive, and excretory organs
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lumbar region
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lower back; "small of the back"
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nasal cavity
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nostrils + sinuses
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buccal cavity
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oral cavity; mouth
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histology
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study of tissues
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vascular
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tissues that contain blood vessels
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avascular
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tissues that lack blood vessels
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matrix
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nonliving material surrounding cells; most abundant in connective tissue
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connective tissue
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- contains matrix; usually vascular
- supports, protects, connects - examples: blood, tendons, lymph, fat, cartilage |
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Four classes of biological tissue
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connective
epithelial muscle nervous |
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epithelial tissue
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- Avascular; may be a single layer or multiple layers of tightly bound cells
- Function: Covers and lines external and internal body surfaces; protects; secretes; absorbs; filters |
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muscle tissue
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Vascular; composed of contracting cells
- moves and supports |
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nervous tissue
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- avascular
- contains cells that receive/transmit electrochemical impulses - coordinates/interprets |
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epidermis
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outermost layer of skin
composed of epithelial cells |
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stratum basale
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also, stratum germinativum
- deepest epidermal layer - carries on mitosis |
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karotin
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waxy protein that fills the older epidermal cells before they die
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stratum corneum
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- horny layer
- outermost layer of the epidermis - consists of older cells that are forced superficially + are constantly being sloughed off |
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Functions of the skin
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protection
sensation temp. reg. excretion vitamin D manufacture absorption |
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dermis
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- inner, thicker skin layer
- composed mostly of connective tissues - contains blood vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, oil glands |
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subcutaneous layer
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- not actually part of the skin
- attaches dermis to muscles beneath -composed of connective tissues |
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follicle
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structure, located in the dermis, contains the hair root
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shaft
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visible portion of hair; contains dead, keratin-filled cells
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exocrine glands
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release secretions through ducts
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sebaceous glands
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- produce oil (sebum)
- reduces water loss - keeps hair/skin soft |
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sweat glands
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- produce perspiration
- function: elimination of waste, temp control |
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melanocytes
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epidermal cells that produce melanin;
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melanin
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a pigment that colors the skin
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acne
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inflammation of sebaceous caused by the blockage of a pore
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blister
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epidermis is separated from the dermis by friction, allowing fluid to collect
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first-degree burns
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damage to outer epidermal layers only
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second-degree burns
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involve damage to all of the epidermal layers/some of the dermis
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third-degree burns
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tissue damage to all of the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer
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calluses/corns
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thickened layers of epidermis caused by pressure/friction
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psoriasis
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red, scaly patches of skin where epidermal cells have been depleted too quickly to be replenished
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ringworm
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a fungal infection of the skin that appears as a white circle under the skin
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warts
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layers of hard, dead cells
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axial skeleton
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skull + ribs + vertebral column
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appendicular skeleton
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pelvic/pectoral girdles + appendages
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follicle
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structure that contains the hair root
- located in dermis |
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shaft
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visible portion of hair; dead, keratin-filled cells
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exocrine glands
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release secretions through ducts
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sebaceous glands
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- produce oil (sebum)
- reduces water loss - moisturizes hair/skin |
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sweat gland
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produce perspiration
- function: waste elimination, temp control |
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melanocytes
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epidermal pores that produce melanin
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melanin
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a pigment that covers the skin
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axial skeleton
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skull, ribs, vertebral column
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appendicular skeleton
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pelvic/pectoral girdles + appendages
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