Human Anatomy And Physiology - Chapter 1

Front 1

What is the definition of anatomy?

Back 1

The study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another.

Front 2

What is the definition of physiology?

Back 2

The study of the function of the body.

Front 3

What are the two most basic divisions of anatomy?

Back 3

Gross (macroscopic) and Microscopic

Front 4

What are the three major subdivisions of gross anatomy?

Back 4

Regional, Systemic, and Surface

Front 5

If you were studying the bones, muscles, and blood vessels of the anterior forearm, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.

Back 5

Regional

Front 6

If you were studying the heart, lungs, veins, arteries, and capillaries throughout the body, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.

Back 6

Systemic

Front 7

If you were studying and identifying muscle groups using only cues that were visible on the skin, you would be engaging in a study of ____ anatomy.

Back 7

Surface

Front 8

What are the two most basic subdivisions of microscopic anatomy?

Back 8

Histology and Cytology

Front 9

What would you call the study of body tissue?

Back 9

Histology

Front 10

What would you call the study of individual cells?

Back 10

Cytology

Front 11

Embryology is a division of what branch of anatomy?

Back 11

Developmental Anatomy

Front 12

What branch of anatomy concerns changes caused by disease?

Back 12

Pathological Anatomy

Front 13

What branch of anatomy concerns study of the body via X-rays and other specialized imaging techniques?

Back 13

Radiology

Front 14

What branch of anatomy concerns the study of biological chemical substances?

Back 14

Molecular biology

Front 15

What does "palpation" mean?

Back 15

Feeling organs with your hands. Yum.

Front 16

What does "auscultation" mean?

Back 16

Listening to organs with a stethoscope.

Front 17

In a CT scan, what does CT stand for?

Back 17

Computerized tomography.

Front 18

What branch of physiology concerns kidney function and urine production?

Back 18

Renal physiology

Front 19

What branch of physiology concerns the workings of the brain and spine, among other things?

Back 19

Neurophysiology

Front 20

What branch of physiology concerns the workings of the heart and blood vessels?

Back 20

Cardiovascular physiology

Front 21

What principle basically states that "what a structure can do depends on its specific form -- function reflects structure and vice versa?"

Back 21

The principle of complementarity of structure and function

Front 22

What are the levels of structural organization, ascending from simplest to most complex?

Back 22

1) Chemical
2) Cellular
3) Tissue
4) Organ
5) System
6) Organism

Front 23

What are an organism's basic necessary life functions?

Back 23

1) Maintaining boundaries
2) Movement
3) Responsiveness
4) Digestion
5) Metabolism
6) Excretion
7) Reproduction
8) Growth

Front 24

What are an organism's basic survival needs?

Back 24

1) Nutrients
2) Atmospheric pressure
3) Oxygen
4) Water
5) Normal body temperature

Front 25

What's the term that describes the human body's optimal state of "dynamic equilibrium?"

Back 25

Homeostasis

Front 26

What are the three components of a "homeostatic control mechanism?"

Back 26

1) Receptor
2) Control center
3) Effector

Front 27

Most homeostatic control mechanisms are ____ feedback mechanisms.

Back 27

Negative

Front 28

Positive feedback mechanisms can often cascade out of control so are rarely used as control mechanisms. However, there are two common situations in which a positive feedback mechanism is put to good use. What are they?

Back 28

1) Blood clotting
2) Labor contractions

Front 29

What are the 11 basic terms used to convey direction in anatomical study?

Back 29

1) Superior
2) Inferior
3) Lateral
4) Medial
5) Intermediate
6) Anterior (ventral)
7) Posterior (dorsal)
8) Proximal
9) Distal
10) Superficial
11) Deep

Front 30

What anatomical term means "between" two structures?

Back 30

Intermediate

Front 31

What anatomical term means "closer to the origination or trunk?"

Back 31

Proximal

Front 32

What anatomical term means "behind" or "rear?"

Back 32

Posterior (dorsal)

Front 33

What's another word for anterior?

Back 33

Ventral

Front 34

Which anatomical region consists of the head?

Back 34

Cephalic region

Front 35

What regional term describes the armpit?

Back 35

Axillary

Front 36

What anatomical term describes the eye?

Back 36

Orbital

Front 37

What anatomical term describes the neck?

Back 37

Cervical

Front 38

what anatomical term describes the palm?

Back 38

Palmar

Front 39

What anatomical term means "between the hips?"

Back 39

Coxal

Front 40

What are the two most basic subdivisions of the human body?

Back 40

The axial part and the appendicular part.

Front 41

What "part" of the body consists of the head, neck, and trunk?

Back 41

The axial part

Front 42

What do you call a plane that separates the left side of a person from the right?

Back 42

Sagittal plane

Front 43

What type of plane would separate a person's trunk from their legs?

Back 43

Transverse plane

Front 44

What type of plane would separate the body into a ventral and a dorsal part?

Back 44

Frontal plane

Front 45

What are the two major body cavities?

Back 45

The dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity

Front 46

The cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities are parts of what larger cavity?

Back 46

Dorsal cavity

Front 47

What are the two major divisions of the ventral cavity called?

Back 47

Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

Front 48

What cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

Back 48

Pleural cavities, mediastinum (mediastinum houses the pericardial cavity)

Front 49

What do you call the dual-layer membranes that cover the inside of the ventral cavity and the ventral cavity organs?

Back 49

Serosa

Front 50

What do you call a serous membrane that lines a cavity wall?

Back 50

Parietal Serosa

Front 51

What do you call a serous membrane that covers an organ?

Back 51

Visceral Serosa

Front 52

What do you call the serous membrane that lies on the heart?

Back 52

Visceral pericardium

Front 53

What do you call the serous membrane that lines the lung cavity?

Back 53

Parietal pleura

Front 54

What do you call the serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

Back 54

Parietal peritoneum

Front 55

What is the purpose of a serous membrane?

Back 55

To protect and lubricate

Front 56

Which abdominopelvic region lies dead center on the belly button?

Back 56

Umbilical region

Front 57

Which abdominopelvic region is directly superior to the umbilical region?

Back 57

Epigastric region

Front 58

Which abdominopelvic regions lie laterally to the epigastric region?

Back 58

Left and right hypochondriac regions

Front 59

Which abdominopelvic region lies directly inferior to the right hypochondriac region?

Back 59

Right lumbar region

Front 60

Which abdominopelvic region lies directly inferior to the left lumbar region?

Back 60

Left iliac (inguinal) region

Front 61

Which abdominopelvic region lies intermediate to the left and right iliac regions?

Back 61

Hypogastric region

Front 62

What are the five body cavities, excluding the dorsal and ventral cavities?

Back 62

1) Nasal cavity
2) Oral and Digestive cavities
3) Orbital cavity
4) Synovial cavity
5) Middle ear cavity

Front 63

What are the two subdivision of ventral body cavity?

Back 63

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

Front 64

What are the membranes in Ventral body cavity?

Back 64

Serous membrane or serosa: parietal-lines internal body cavity walls and visceral-covers internal organs
Serous fluid: fluid secreted by both layers of membrane