Human Anatomy And Kinesiology Exam 1

Front 1

Front portion of the body when in anatomical position

Back 1

Anterior

Front 2

Back portion of the body when in anatomical position

Back 2

Posterior

Front 3

What is used to describe something that is closer to the trunk or point of origin?

Back 3

Proximal

Front 4

What is used to describe something that is farther from the trunk or point of origin?

Back 4

Distal

Front 5

Anatomical position, laying face down

Back 5

Prone

Front 6

Plane of motion that bisects the body laterally from side to side and divides it into front and back

Back 6

Frontal

Front 7

Example of movement in the frontal plane

Back 7

Jumping Jacks

Front 8

Plane of motion that bisects the body horizontally from side to side and divides it into superior and inferior symmetrical halves

Back 8

Transverse

Front 9

Example of movement in the transverse plane

Back 9

Turning the forearm palm up/down

Front 10

Combination of more than one plane of motion is said to occur in what plane

Back 10

Diagonal

Front 11

"Bending" the elbow or knee is referred to as what?

Back 11

Flexion

Front 12

Moving the arm or leg away from your body is referred to as what?

Back 12

ABduction

Front 13

Portion of the body farthest from the midline when in anatomical position

Back 13

Lateral

Front 14

Portion of the body closer to the midline when in anatomical position

Back 14

Medial

Front 15

What is used to describe something that is below in relation to another structure?

Back 15

Inferior

Front 16

What term is used to describe something that is above in relation to another structure?

Back 16

Superior

Front 17

Anatomical position, laying face up

Back 17

Supine

Front 18

Plane of motion that bisects the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left symmetrical halves

Back 18

Sagittal

Front 19

Example of movement in the sagittal plane

Back 19

Arm curls

Front 20

Example of movement in the diagonal plane

Back 20

running and jumping hurdles

Front 21

"Straightening" the elbow or knee is referred to as what?

Back 21

Extension

Front 22

Moving the arm or leg toward your body is referred to as what?

Back 22

ADduction

Front 23

Muscle action providing acceleration and "positive" work, as in the upward phase of an arm curl is referred to as what action?

Back 23

Concentric

Front 24

Muscle action providing deceleration and "negative" work, as in the downward phase of an arm curl is referred to as what action?

Back 24

Eccentric

Front 25

Muscle action that provides contraction, but no movement (no acceleration or deceleration), and therefore no real work is referred to as what?

Back 25

Isometric

Front 26

The skull, spine, ribs, and sternum provide the central point or "core" around which all movement occurs and collectively form the _____ skeleton

Back 26

Axial

Front 27

The ___________ position is the reference point from which we make desciptive statements about the body. This position is in upright posture; facing forward; feet and legs in close proximity facing forward; arms straight and palms facing forward

Back 27

Anatomical

Front 28

The _______skeleton is comprised of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the shoulder and pelvic girdles.

Back 28

Appendicular

Front 29

The axis of rotation in the transverse plane is what?

Back 29

Sagittal

Front 30

The axis of rotation for the sagittal plane is what?

Back 30

Frontal

Front 31

The axis of rotation for the frontal plane is what?

Back 31

Sagittal

Front 32

The Back of the hand, the top of the foot, the back

Back 32

Dorsal

Front 33

When flexing the knee against resistance (leg curl), the muscle on the front of the thigh (quadricep) is the ____________, while the muscle on the back of the leg (hamstring) is the ______________.

Back 33

Antagonist ; Agonist

Front 34

Arm and Leg Bones, characterized by cylindrical shaft with protruding ends

Back 34

Lone Bones

Front 35

Generally cube shaped bones, in the wrists and hind foot areas

Back 35

Short Bones

Front 36

Provide protection, the shoulder blade, breast bone, or ribs

Back 36

Flat Bones

Front 37

Odd shaped bones that have a variety of purposes

Back 37

Irregular Bones

Front 38

Seed shaped bones that provide a mechanical advantage

Back 38

Sesamoid Bones

Front 39

The ____________ is the proximal attachment of a muscle.

Back 39

Origin

Front 40

The _______is the distal attachement of a muscle.

Back 40

Insertion

Front 41

An __________ muscle is located within one body part (hand) and an ____________ originates proximal to the body part it acts on.

Back 41

Intrinsic ; Extrinsic

Front 42

Regarding Muscle Actions: _____________ involves the muscle shortening under tension, sometimes called "positive work"; _____________involves the muscle lengthening under tension sometimes called "negative work"; and a _________ contraction occurs when the force generated by the muscle is equal to the resistance placed against it, resulting in no joint movement or "work"

Back 42

Concentric ; Eccentric ; Isometric

Front 43

Allows rotation only. Ex: superior radioulnar joint (forearm)

Back 43

Trochoidal (pivot)

Front 44

Allows only movement in the sagittal plane. Ex: Elbow or Knee

Back 44

Ginglymus

Front 45

Found only at the base of the thumb. Saddle shaped

Back 45

Sellar

Front 46

The most freely moveable of all joints. Movement in all planes is allowed. Ex: Hips and Shoulders

Back 46

Enarthrodial

Front 47

Bone locked surfaces fit snugly against other short bones. Allow only gliding movement. Ex: Wris

Back 47

Arthrodial

Front 48

Permits movement in Sagittal and Frontal Planes only. No rotation. Ex: Knuckles

Back 48

Condyloidal

Front 49

Immovable Joints, fused

Back 49

Synarthrodial

Front 50

Slightly movable; not fused

Back 50

Amphiarthrodial

Front 51

Two Amphiarthrodial joint classifications

Back 51

Syndesmosis - connected by ligaments
Synchondrosis- connected by cartilage

Front 52

Freely movable joints

Back 52

Diarthrodial

Front 53

Diarthrodial Joint Classifications

Back 53

Trochoidal (pivot)
Ginglymus (hinge)
Sellar (saddle)
Chondyloid (knuckle)
Enarthrodial (ball-and-socket)
Arthrodial (gliding)

Front 54

turning the hand palm down

Back 54

Pronation

Front 55

turning the hand palm up

Back 55

Supination

Front 56

Movement toward the midline in the horizontal plane

Back 56

Horizontal ADduction (HAD)

Front 57

Movement away from the midline in the horizontal plane

Back 57

Horizontal ABduction (HAB)

Front 58

Combination of Flex, Ext, ABD, ADD

Back 58

Circumduction

Front 59

Turning the ankle "out"

Back 59

Eversion

Front 60

Standing "tip toes" (heel raise)

Back 60

Plantar Flexion

Front 61

Shrug your shoulders

Back 61

Elevation

Front 62

When extending the knee against resistance (leg extension), the muscle on the front of the thigh (quadricep) is the ____________, while the muscle on the back of the leg (hamstring) is the ______________.

Back 62

agonist ; antagonist