Human Anatomy

Front 1

Cytology

Back 1

Study of cells

Front 2

Proximal

Back 2

Toward the trunk (point of attachment)

Front 3

Histology

Back 3

Study of tissues

Front 4

Parietal Membranes

Back 4

Actual wall of the cavity or lining membrane that covers its surface

Front 5

Immunology

Back 5

Study of the immune response functions inthe human body

Front 6

Medial

Back 6

Toward the midsagittal plane; away from the side

Front 7

Negative Control Feedback Loop

Back 7

Oppose changes in the body

Try to stabilize the body

Examples: shivering when cold

Front 8

Ectomorph

Back 8

Thin, lean body type

Front 9

Gynecology

Back 9

Study of the female reproductive system, its functions, diseases, and disorders

Front 10

Pathological Anatomy

Back 10

Study of diseases body parts

Front 11

Positive Control Feedback Loop

Back 11

Stimulatory responses that ACCELERATE abodily function or process

May be harmful to the body if notcontrolled (Renal failure)

Examples that HELP the body:

Sneezes

Blood clot

Childbirth

Front 12

Endomorph

Back 12

Excessive fat

Front 13

Sagittal

Back 13

Longitudinal plane that divides the body or part into left and right sides

Front 14

Digestion

Back 14

Complex food particles are broken down and absorbed by the body

Front 15

Lateral

Back 15

Toward the side; away from the midsagittal plane

Front 16

Bilateral Symmetry

Back 16

Body has identical left and right sides

Front 17

Physiology

Back 17

It is the science that treats the functions of the living organisms and its parts

Front 18

Endocrinology

Back 18

Study of the endocrine system and the hormones produced by the human body

Front 19

Distal

Back 19

Away from the trunk or point of attachment

Front 20

Mid-sagittal

Back 20

Cut, or plane, that divides the body or any of its parts into two equal (mirror image) halves

Front 21

Circulation

Back 21

Movement of body fluids and other substances throughout the body

Front 22

Gastroeneterology

Back 22

Study of the GI tract, its diseases, and disorders

Front 23

Conductivity

Back 23

Capacity of living cells and tissues to selectively transmit a wave of excitation from one point to another

Front 24

Afferent Signal

Back 24

Signals that move from the sensory units to the control center

Front 25

Integumentary System

Back 25

Protects the body by providing an impenetrable barrier

Regulates body temperatures

Synthesizes important chemicals and hormones

Functions as a sense organ

Ex: skin, hair, nails, specialized oil and sweat glands

Front 26

Excretion

Back 26

Removal of waste products (solids, liquids, or gases)

Front 27

Ipsilateral

Back 27

Refers to the body parts on the same side of the body

Front 28

Homeostasis

Back 28

The body's ability to maintain normal internal conditions no matter what is happening externally

Ex: sweating or shivering (temp regulations), yawning (regulation of CO2 in blood), secretion of insulin (regulation of blood glucose level)

Front 29

Anatomy

Back 29

Study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts

Front 30

Responsiveness

Back 30

Permits an organism to sense, monitor, and respond to changes in the external environment

Front 31

Contralateral

Back 31

On the opposite side of the body

Front 32

Absorption

Back 32

Movement of digested materials through the small intestinal wall into body fluids for transportation

Front 33

Metabolism

Back 33

Sum of these physical and chemical reactions that occur in the human body to sustain life

Front 34

Organelles

Back 34

Cell organ (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes)

Front 35

Mesomorph

Back 35

Muscular build

Front 36

Dermatology

Back 36

The study of the functions of the skin and the glands within and its disorders

Front 37

Coronal

Back 37

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions (sometimes called the frontal plane)

Front 38

Neurology

Back 38

Study of the nervous system and its disorders

Front 39

Axial Region

Back 39

Head, neck, and torso

Front 40

Idiopathic

Back 40

Diseases that have no known trigger or cause

Front 41

Transverse

Back 41

Divides the body into upper and lower portions (sometimes called the horizontal plane)

Front 42

Appendicular Region

Back 42

Upper extremities, lower extremities, shoulder girdle area, pelvic girdle area

Front 43

Visceral Membrane

Back 43

Thin membranes that cover organs

Front 44

Abdominal Surface Region

Back 44

Area overlying the abdominal cavity

Front 45

Antebrachial

Back 45

Forearm

Front 46

Axillary

Back 46

Armpit

Front 47

Brachial

Back 47

Upper arm

Front 48

Buccal

Back 48

Cheek (side of mouth)

Front 49

Carpal

Back 49

Wrist

Front 50

Cervical

Back 50

Neck

Front 51

Coxal

Back 51

Hip

Front 52

Crural

Back 52

Anterior lower leg (shin)

Front 53

Cubital

Back 53

Anterior of elbow

Front 54

Femoral

Back 54

Upper leg (thigh)

Front 55

Mental

Back 55

Chin

Front 56

Orbital

Back 56

Eye

Front 57

Patellar

Back 57

Anterior knee joint

Front 58

Pubic

Back 58

Lower front of trunk, between legs

Front 59

Tarsal

Back 59

Ankle

Front 60

Thoracic

Back 60

Chest

Front 61

Gluteal

Back 61

Buttocks

Front 62

Lumbar

Back 62

Lower back

Front 63

Occipital

Back 63

Posterior of head

Front 64

Popliteal

Back 64

Posterior knee joint

Front 65

Scapular

Back 65

Shoulder blade

Front 66

Sural

Back 66

Calf

Front 67

Thoracic

Back 67

Upper back

Front 68

Seven Levels of Organization (Simplest to Most Complex)

Back 68

Chemical Level

Organelle Level

Cellular Level

Tissue Level

Organ Level

System Level

Organism Level

Front 69

8 Basic Mechanisms of Disease

Back 69

Genetic Mechanisms (Hemophilia)

Pathogenic Organisms (Common Cold-virus Athletes Foot-fungus)

Tumors and Cancers (Melanoma)

Physical and Chemical Agents (Radiation Poisoning)

Malnutrition (Ascites-kidney failure)

Autoimmune Disease (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

Inflammation

Degeneration (Progeria)

Front 70

Skeletal System

Back 70

Support the body and protect vital internal organs

Produces blood cells

Stores area for important minerals (calcium and phosphorous)

Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments

Front 71

Muscular System

Back 71

Produces movements by individual muscles contracting and relaxing

Generates heat as movements occur

Voluntary and Involuntary Muscles

Skeletal muscles (attached to bone, voluntary, striations)

Smooth muscles (intestinal tract and large blood vessels, involuntary, NO striations)

Cardiac muscles (heart tissues, involuntary, striations)

Front 72

Nervous System

Back 72

Communication between body cells, tissues, & organs

Integration of bodily functions

Controls rate of bodily functions

Brain, spinal cord, individual nerves

Front 73

Endocrine System

Back 73

Produces chemicals that control the rate of body functions

Consists of special glands that produce hormones (metabolism, growth & development, reproduction)

Front 74

Cardiovascular System

Back 74

Transport materials to where they are needed in the body

Heart, blood vessels (arteries (blood away), veins (blood to heart), capillaries (connect small arteries to small veins))

Front 75

Lymphatic and Immune System

Back 75

Move fluids and proteins from tissues and cells to the blood

Fight infections, diseases, and cancers by producing specialized cells that seek out and destroy bad cells

Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, special lymphatic glands (thymus and spleen)

Front 76

Respiratory System

Back 76

Exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs

Lungs, bronchial tubes, alveoli (site of gas exchange)

Front 77

Digestive System

Back 77

Breakdown food particles for absorption into the blood

Elimination of undigested food (waste products)

Mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal, anus

Front 78

Urinary System

Back 78

Kidneys filter the blood of wastes and maintains the electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance in the body

Forms urine from the wastes removed from the blood

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 79

Reproductive System

Back 79

Produces the male and female reproductive cells

Male (testes), female (ovaries)