Human Anatomy

Front 1

NEURON

Back 1

Cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system

Front 2

CELL BODY

Back 2

Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm

Front 3

DENDRITE

Back 3

Extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body

Front 4

AXON

Back 4

Long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron

Front 5

SYNAPSE

Back 5

Location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell.

Front 6

CEREBRUM

Back 6

Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the boday

Front 7

BRAIN STEM

Back 7

Structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons

Front 8

THALAMUS

Back 8

Brain Structure that receives message from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing

Front 9

HYPOTHALAMUS

Back 9

Brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature

Front 10

BONE MARROW

Back 10

Soft tissue inside the cavities within bones

Front 11

CARTILAGE

Back 11

Strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone.

Front 12

OSSIFICATION

Back 12

Process of bone formation, during which cartilage is replaced by bone

Front 13

LIGAMENTS

Back 13

Strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint

Front 14

TENDONS

Back 14

Tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bones

Front 15

MYOCARDIUM

Back 15

Thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system

Front 16

ATRIUM

Back 16

Upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle

Front 17

VENTRICLE

Back 17

Lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart

Front 18

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Back 18

Pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs

Front 19

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Back 19

Pathway of curculation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs

Front 20

VALVE

Back 20

Flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood

Front 21

PACEMAKER

Back 21

Small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that "set the pace" for the heart as a whole; also known as the sinoatrial node

Front 22

AORTA

Back 22

Large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle

Front 23

ARTERY

Back 23

Large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

Front 24

CAPILLARY

Back 24

Smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste product

Front 25

VEIN

Back 25

In plants, a cluster of vascular tissue in leaves;
In animals, a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart.

Front 26

PLASMA

Back 26

Straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent
of blood

Front 27

HEMOGLOBIN

Back 27

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

Front 28

PLATELETS

Back 28

Cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting

Front 29

PHARYNX

Back 29

Muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food

Front 30

TRACHEA

Back 30

Hollow plant cell in xylem tissue with thick cell walls that resist pressure

Front 31

LARYNX

Back 31

Structure in the throat containing the vocal cords

Front 32

BRONCHUS

Back 32

Passageway leading from the trachea to a lung

Front 33

ALVEOLUS

Back 33

Tiny air sac at the end of bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur

Front 34

ESOPHAGUS

Back 34

Food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

Front 35

PERISTALSIS

Back 35

Rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach

Front 36

CHYME

Back 36

Mixture of stomach fluids and food produced in the stomach by contracting stomach muscles

Front 37

SMALL INTESTINE

Back 37

Digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place

Front 38

PANCREAS

Back 38

Gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid

Front 39

LIVER

Back 39

Large organ just above the stomach that produces bile

Front 40

LARGE INTESTINE

Back 40

Colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it

Front 41

KIDNEY

Back 41

Organ that removes urea, excess water, and other waste products from the blood

Front 42

NEPHRON

Back 42

Blood-filtering unite in the renal cortex of the kidney

Front 43

URETHRA

Back 43

Tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body; in males, tube through which semen is released from the body

Front 44

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Back 44

Gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts

Front 45

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Back 45

Gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream

Front 46

Pituitary Gland

Back 46

Gland in the base of the skull that secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and control the actions of several other endocrine glands