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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model |
The currently accepted representation of the plasma membrane containing small parts making a whole that move around (are fluid). |
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Selective Permeability |
Only lets certain things through. (aka proteins) |
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List the 8 functions of proteins in the cell membrane. |
-cell signaling -signal pathways -transport proteins -enzymes -attachment proteins -receptor proteins -junction proteins -glycoproteins |
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Diffusion is ALWAYS what kind of transport? Why? |
Passive transport, because it requires no energy/ goes with the concentration gradient. |
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Osmosis (osmoregulation) -diffusion of what? -above answer always moves to what type of solution concentration? |
-H2O (water) -hypertonic/higher solute conc. |
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Why does water usually move to a higher solute concentration? |
Solute molecules are polar, thus the water attaches to them and follows them where ever they go. |
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The 3 types of tonicity + definitions. |
Hypertonic- higher solute conc. Hypotonic- lower solute conc. Isotonic- equal conc. |
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Facilitated Diffusion -moves what? -moves them to where? -uses what? doesn't use what? |
-polar charged ions -high to low concentration -uses transport proteins, not ATP |
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Aquaporin causes what? |
causes water to move through cells rapidly |
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Active Transport -needs what? -to travel where? |
-ATP -up the concentration gradient |
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Describe the Sodium-Potassium Pump |
Attaches a phosphate group (from ATP) to the protein to cause it to change shape, moving the sodium out of the cell then taking in the Potassium, the phosphate group releases and thus the protein changes back to its usual shape and the Potassium is released in the cell. |
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Cytosis -the two types and their definitions -why can't it just be diffusion? |
-Endocytosis moves in and Exocytosis moves out. -The molecules are too large for diffusion. |
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Describe the two types of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis |
Pinocytosis, moves in smaller molecules, often liquids. Phagocytosis moves in large cells, often food. |
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Potential Energy |
stored energy |
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Kinetic Energy |
energy in motion |
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Thermal Energy -describe it -what is heat? |
-random kinetic energy -thermal energy moving from one object to another |
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Thermodynamics |
the study of energy transformations |
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1st Law of Thermodynamics |
energy in universe is constant |
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
the disorder of all energy in the universe |
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Cellular Respiration |
taking chemicals and making them into ATP |
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Why don't reactions happen automatically since there is so much potential energy already? |
There must be activation energy. |
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Enzymes -cause what with energy? |
More energy is put off than put into a reaction. |
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Cofactors |
bind to active site and functions in the catalyst; keeps from metabolism from being too quick |
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Coenzyme |
basically an enzyme for the enzyme (think vitamins) |
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Competitive Inhibitor |
attaches to active site to block the substrate |
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Noncompetitive Inhibitor |
attaches at another part of the enzyme to change its shape and block the substrate |