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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmacodynamics & Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacodynamics – the biological and physiological effects of the drug.
Pharmacokinetics – the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the drug (ADME). |
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Where do the drugs bind in order to act? |
1. Receptors for endogenous substances (hormones, neurotransmitters, growth factors) |
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Agonist or Antagonist (RECEPTORS) |
Agonist: produces same results as natural substance would
Antagonist: prevents natural substance from binding |
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Examples of drugs that act at receptors and concept of affinity |
• Opioid analgesics • Beta blockers • Bronchodilators • Tamoxifen • Antihistamines
Drug with high affinity, binds to receptor well!! |
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Ion channels |
All major ions have specific channels (e.g K, Na, Ca)
We can control the opening and closing
• Benzodiazepines • Alcohol • Calcium channel blockers • Anaesthetics sedating drugs |
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Enzymes |
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
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Transporters |
Inhibit or act as a false substitute
• Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) • Proton pump inhibitors • Cocaine
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Pharmacokinetics |
ABSORBTION
DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM (liver.. converts it to water form)
EXCRETION (kidney) |
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BIOAVAILABILITY |
The bioavailability of a drug is the percentage of the administered dose that is expected to arrive in the bloodstream and be available to act. |
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Pharmacokinetic interactions and pharmakodynamic interactions |
increase or decrease affect, compete, slow down the process |
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Antimicrobials + anti-cancer agents |
Chemotherapy The use of chemicals to destroy pathogens which have invaded the body.
Exploit fundamental difference between healthy cells and those trying to kill you |
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knowing your enemy |
Bacteria (membrane, protein synthesis, cell wall synthesis)
Fungi (cell membrane, cell wall)
Virus ( uncoating, copying genetic material, budding off) |
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Drug resistance |
drug efflux pump
alteration of binding site
Enzymatic degradation |
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Drugs acting on nervous system |
manipulate at chemical transmitting agonist or antagonist
A number of disorders are now thought to be due to inadequate or excessive levels of neurotransmitters
work at the synapse |
