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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 layers of the GI system
lumen outward |
1.) mucosa (epithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis muscosa)
2.) submucosa 3.) muscularis externa 4.) adventitia or serosa |
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Features of the lip
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-NKSSE
-seromucous glands lacks: -hair follicles -sebaceous glands -sweat glands Also seen: -skeletal muscle of the obicularis oris |
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3 types of papillae of the tongue and their features
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filiform
-conical shape with keratinized tip fungiform -rounded and mushroom-shaped with taste buds circumvallate -large and spherical, also has taste buds |
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What are glands of von Ebner
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glands surrounding the circumvallate
secrete their serous products into the marginal left surround the circumvallate papillae |
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Describe the musclaris mucosa and externa of the esophagus as it travels down to the stomach
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MM will always be two layers of SM
ME will change from 2 layers of skeletal (first 1/3) to 1 layer of each (second 1/3) to 2 layers of SM (last 1/3 of esophagus) |
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What plexus are you expected to find in the submucosa?
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Meissner's
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What plexus are you expected to find in the muscularis externa?
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Auerbach's
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What is adventitia?
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loose CT
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What are the changes of epithelium as you move from esophagus to stomach
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NKSSE to simple columnar with gastric pits
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How many layers of muscularis externa are there?
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3
inner most oblique inner circumferential outer longitudinal |
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Where is Auerbach's plexus located in the stomach?
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always between IC and OL
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Location of gastric glands vs. pits
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glands - lamina propria of mucosa
pits - near the surface |
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Compare the features of:
surface mucous cells parietal cells chief cells |
surface mucous cells - form the gastric pit, just round and hollow
parietal - eosinophilic, round with centrally-located nucleus, like fried egg, produces HCL and intrinsic factor chief - basophilic with secretory granules, produces pepsinogen and lipase |
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pyloric region of stomach vs. fundic region?
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in pyloric:
-lack of parietal and chief cell, and an abundance of mucous secreting |
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pyloric vs. duodenum?
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pylorus - 3 layers of SM
duodenum - 2 layers of SM brunner's gland in duodenum (submucosa), secretes alkaline secretion into lumen |
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What are the intestinal glands in the duodenum called?
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crypts of liekerkuhn, where brunner's glands empty into
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What are paneth cells and where are they found?
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They're located at the bottom of the crypt, wicked eosinophilic
common in duodenum and less in ileum, none in colon |
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What are enteroendocrine cells?
how do you distinguish them from paneth? |
any cells located in the gut that secrets hormone
but less clustered and numorous then paneth, more toward apex of cell the paneth |
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How to distinguish small and large intestines?
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Large
-no villi nor plicae circulares -more goblet -NO paneth -abundance of lymphocytes in the lamina propria in nodules |
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Epithelium at the anus-rectoanal junction
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Simple columnar to NKSSE
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Other features at the anus-rectoanal junction
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-no muscularis mucosa in the anus
-more externa at anus -hair follicles, sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands |
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Secretions (serous vs. mucous) in the following glands:
submandibular parotid sublingual |
subman - serous mucous (serous demilune)
parotid - serous sublingual - mucous |
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What is a renal lobe demarcated by?
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interlobar vessels
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Where are renal corpuscles (glomerulus and bowman's capsule) found?
cortex or medulla? |
cortex
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What is the name of the name of the ducts between contents are emptied into the minor calyce
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ducts of Bellini (collecting duct)
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Two major features bordering the calyx
epithelium and muscle |
urothelium and smooth muscle
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What does the arcuate vessels demarcate?
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cortex and medulla
above and below respectivelly |
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What does the medullary rays contained?
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Straight segments of cortical nephrons
collecting tubules, straight descending and straight ascending |
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How to distinguish between PCT and DCT
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PCT - more numerous, tall cuboid, ESOINOPHILIC
DCT - lower cuboidal, lesser eosinophilic, no brush border, more visible lumen |
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How to distinguish between DtLH and AtLH
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DtLH - similar to PCT
AtLH - similar to DCT |
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Where do you expect to find macula densa?
What is the purpose of the cells? |
DCT
help monitor the osmolarity of the tubular fluid |
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How to distinguish collecting tubules and duct (of Bellini)
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Bellini has taller columnar, near the calyx
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What is the name of the layer that surrounds the testis?
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tunica albuginea
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Describe the interstitial cells of Leydig
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located within the intertubular connective tissue
large and eosinophilic with euchromatic nuclei produce testosterone |
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Epithelium surround seminiferious tubule
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seminiferous epithelium
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Different cells at different stages of spermatogensis and in the order basal into the apical portion
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Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes Spermatids Spermatozoa then Sertoli cells are just everywhere |
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Describe:
Sertoli cells Spermatogonia Primary spermatocytes Spermatids Spermatozoa |
Sertoli cells - "fried egg", could be anywhere along the spermatogensis, basal portion of each cell adheres to BL where as the apical portion reaches the lumn, forms the blood-testis barrier with occluding junctions
Spermatogonia - all found at base of seminiferous epithelium, with stained chromatic Primary spermatocytes - large nucleus with prominent, clumped strands of chromatin Spermatids - dark circles Spermatozoa - elongated condensed chromatin |
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Epithelium of rete testis? and what kind of tissue is rete testis?
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simple cuboidal, CT (of labyrinth)
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Where does the sperm travels after rete testis?
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efferent ductules
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What is the epithelium of efferent ductules?
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either
-non-ciliated cuboidal -ciliated columnar -pseudostratified columnar |
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Describe the characteristics of efferent ductules?
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cilia on the apical membrane, and thin layer of SM to help move the spermatozoa toward the epididymis
scalloped shape |
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Compare efferent ductules to epididymis
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lined by pseudostratified columnar with STEREOCILIA (longer than cilia)
Also has thin layers of SM to help facilitate the movement of spermatozoa toward the vas Looks more "circular" than efferent ductules |
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Describe the vas
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Lined with 3 discrete layers of SM
-inner longitudinal -middle circular -outer longitudinal same epithelium as the epididymis, except the cilia not as tall similar looking to esophagus |
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What's in the spermatic cord?
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Vas, testicular a., pampiniform plexus of veins, lymphatic vessels, nerve fascicles
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What are seminal vesciles?
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empties their secretory products into the vas (seminal fluids)
lots of SM around, crazy folded mucosa inside |
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How to distinguish seminal vesicle from ejaculatory ducts?
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there's more seminal vesicle than ejaculatory ducts, both contain highly folded mucosa
ejaculatory ducts are also intimately associated with the prostate, with a continuous lumen with the prostatic urethra |
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How to distinguish seminal vesicle from prostate gland
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prostate gland not as crazy folded mucosa, associated with ejaculatory ducts
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