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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most widely used drug by college students?
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Alcohol is used by 84% of college students.
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Alcohol is the cause of what percent of dropouts at UF?
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21%
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Alcohol is a factor in what percent of rapes at UF?
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75%
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How many drinks do most students making D's & F's drink per week?
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10 or more
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How many drinks do students making A's at UF drink a week?
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3 or less
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What is alcohol?
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A drug
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What is ethyl alcohol/ethanol?
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An addictive drug produced during fermentation
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What occurs in fermentation?
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Yeast organisms break down plant sugars, yielding ethanol and carbon dioxide
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What occurs during distillation?
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Alcohol vapors are released from mash at high temperatures, condensed, and then mixed with water
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What does the proof of alcohol mean?
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The concentration of alcohol in a beverage
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How is proof factored?
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Twice the percent alcohol by volume
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What is the alcohol by volume of beer?
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3-6%
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What is the alcohol by volume of ales and malt liquors?
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6-8%
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What is the alcohol by volume of wine?
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9-20%
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What is the alcohol by volume of hard liquors?
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35-50%
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What is blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?
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The ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
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What is blood alcohol concentration used to measure?
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The effects of alcohol
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How is difficult is it for alcohol to be absorbed?
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Easy
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How is alcohol absorbed?
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20% diffuses through the stomach lining, the other 80% through the upper 1/3 of the small intestine. The alcohol goes from the bloodstream to the liver where it metabolizes 1/2 oz. of alcohol per hour.
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What factors affect alcohol absorption rate?
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Alcohol concentration, stomach contents, carbonation, mood, body weight, and gender
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What are the immediate, negative effects of alcohol?
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Dehydration, irritates GI system, irregular heartbeats with unusually high amounts, hangovers, and impaired judgment
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What causes hangovers?
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Congeners, a form of alcohol which metabolizes more slowly
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What is considered a binge for men?
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5 or more drinks in one sitting
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What is considered a binge for women?
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4 or more drinks in one sitting
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Can alcohol reduce your risk of heart disease?
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Yes, in moderation; can increase risk with more than one
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Does alcohol improve sexual performance?
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No
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Does alcohol help people sleep better?
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Helps them fall asleep faster, but the sleep is not good quality
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Can drinking coffee help sober a person up?
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No
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What kind of shrinkage does drinking cause?
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Brain shrinkage
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What are the long-term effects of drinking concerning the brain?
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Shrinkage and memory loss; lower cognitive thinking abilities occur with moderate drinking
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What are the long-term effects of drinking concerning the liver?
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Liver hepatitis or cirrhosis
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How does long-term drinking effect the cardiovascular system?
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Increases blood pressure
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What are the effects of long-term drinking on the reproductive system?
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Males: lower sperm count
Females: irregular periods |
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What other problems does long-term drinking cause?
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Stomach and intestinal ulcers, and emotional and social problems
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Can a person die of alcohol poisoning?
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Yes
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What are the signs of alcohol poisoning?
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Person is unconscious or semi-conscious & cannot be awakened; cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin; breathing is slow; breathing is irregular; vomiting while "sleeping" or passed out
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What are you supposed to do when you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning?
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Get help; don't leave the person alone; and don't be concerned with legal consequences
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What are the four symptoms of alcoholism?
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1. Cravings
2. Loss of control 3. Tolerance 4. Physical dependence |
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What is the leading preventable cause of death in the US?
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Tobacco-related deaths
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How many deaths per year are caused by tobacco-related illness?
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More than 400,000
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What is the annual medical costs of treating tobacco-related illnesses?
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More than $50 billion
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How many young people try cigarettes each day?
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6000
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Out of those 6000 young people, how many get addicted?
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3000
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How many attempts does it take for an adult to successfully quit smoking?
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5
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What are the four reasons people smoke?
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1. Psychological reasons
2. Societal reasons 3. Individual reasons 4. Addiction/dependence |
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What are the components of tobacco smoke?
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Over 4000 chemicals and 43 carcinogens
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What are the three most damaging carcinogens in cigarette smoke?
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1. Nicotine
2. Tar 3. Carbon monoxide |
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How does nicotine addict people?
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1st: causes pleasure sensations
2nd: builds tolerance 3rd: causes withdrawal 4th: w/o nicotine, most physiological symptoms pass in 48 hours |
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What are the health effects of one cigarette?
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Stimulates brain, causing a nicotine crave; dulls taste buds; irritates throat membranes; increases heart rate and blood pressure; decreases oxygen levels; constricts blood vessels
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What are the health effects of long term cigarette use?
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Affects the cardiovascular system; affects the respiratory system; causes lung cancer; causes emphysema; causes chronic bronchitis; causes other diseases and many different types of cancers
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What are the five parts of the plan to quit smoking?
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1. Awareness and compatibility
2. Self-efficacy 3. Plan 4. Commit 5. Maintain |
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What does the American Lung Assoc. say is the best way to prevent tobacco use?
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Education
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What are the three strongest methods of prevention when it comes to tobacco use?
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Education, communication, and legislation
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Which drug kills more people than all other drugs combined?
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Tobacco
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Which drug kills more college students that all other drugs combined?
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Alcohol
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What is the most popular illegal drug in America now?
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Marijuana
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Can smoking marijuana cause lung cancer?
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True
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What popular nightclub drug is actually an animal tranquilizer?
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Ketamine or "Special K"
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Which drug is most often linked to incidents of date rape?
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Alcohol
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What drugs can increase the risk of HIV infection?
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Alcohol, cocaine, and heroine and other IV drug use
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Which is most likely to trigger an overdose with alcohol?
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Barbiturates
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What side effects are linked to long-term use of anabolic steroids?
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Heart disease, impotence, and severe acne
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Which drug has been proven to cause the most birth defects?
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Alcohol
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Does LSD or alcohol carry a greater danger of overdose?
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Alcohol
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Is it safe to drink alcohol in moderation when you're pregnant?
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No
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What is one of the biggest risks in taking illicit drugs?
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The absence of the FDA's approval
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What are some synonyms of heroin?
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Tar, china white, skag, and junk
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What are the mental affects of heroin?
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Euphoria, relieves emotional pain
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What are the physical effects of heroin?
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CNS depression, respiratory depression, and decreased blood pressure
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What are the dangers of heroin use?
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Addiction and death due to respiratory arrest
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How are OTC drugs often misused?
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Taking too much or taking the drug instead of allowing your immune system to do the work
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What are some dangers of OTC drug misuse?
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Overdose and/or death
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How do people misuse prescription drugs?
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Not finishing the whole pack, missing doses, or not following directions
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What are the dangers of prescription drug misuse?
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Continued illness, medical complications, overdose, or death
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What are some synonyms for the drug rohypnol?
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Roofies, the forget pill, Mexican valium, and date rape drug
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What are the mental effects of rohypnol?
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Drowsiness, euphoria, disinhibition, and amnesia
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What are the physical effects of rohypnol?
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Respiratory depression and decreased blood pressure
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What are some dangers of taking rohypnol?
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Amnesia, respiratory depression, aspiration, or death
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What are some synonyms for GHB?
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Grievous bodily harm, liquid X, and Easy Lay
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What are the mental effects of GHB use?
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Drowsiness, euphoria, disinhibition, and amnesia
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What are some physical effects of using GHB?
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Respiratory depression and decreased blood pressure
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What are some of the dangers of using GHB?
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Coma, seizures, respiratory depression, and/or death
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What is ecstasy?
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An amphetamine-based hallucinogen
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What damage does ecstasy cause?
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Damages receptor sites in the brain responsible for serotonin
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What can ecstasy increase to dangerously high levels?
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Body temperature
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What are some synonyms for marijuana?
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Weed, doobie, pot, krippie, and skunk weed
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What are the mental effects of marijuana?
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Decreased memory, judgment, reasoning ability, and mental acuity
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What are some of the physical effects of marijuana?
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Increased heart rate and blood pressure, loss of coordination, and slowing of physical reactions
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What are some dangers assoc. with marijuana use?
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Addiction, lung damage, and psychological effects
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What are some synonyms for cocaine?
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Powder, snow, flake, blow, toot, or coke
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What are some of the mental effects of cocaine?
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CNS stimulation, euphoria, and aggressive behavior
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What are some physical effects of using cocaine?
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Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature
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What are some dangers assoc. with cocaine use?
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Cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and/or death
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What are some factors that may make it easier to become addicted to drugs?
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1. Family members had problems
2. Friends drink, smoke, or do drugs 3. They are used as a coping mechanism |
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What is the addiction continuum?
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1. Starts using drugs
2. Gets high 3. Keeps using the drug 4. The brain changes 5. Takes more of the drug to get high 6. Drug dependency begins to occur 7. Gets sick without the drug 8. Drug causes serious problems |
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What are the 3 parts to addiction treatment?
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1. Stop using drugs and receive treatment for withdrawal symptoms if needed
2. Must learn how the drug worked in his/her life 3. Must learn how to avoid using the drug again |
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What are the five leading causes of death?
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1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Cancer 3. Cerebrovascular disease 4. Chronic lung disease 5. Accidental injury |
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What accounts for 40% of all deaths?
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Cardiovascular disease
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How many chambers does the heart have?
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4
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How big is the heart?
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Fist-sized
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How many times per day does the heart pump?
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About 35,000
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How is the heart able to pump so much?
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Cardiac muscle does not fatigue
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What are the two circulatory systems and where are they located?
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1. Pulmonary-pumps from the heart to the lungs, on the R. side
2. Systemic-pumps from the heart to the rest of the body, on the L. side |
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What is stroke volume?
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The amount of blood pumped from the heart in a single contraction
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What is cardiac output?
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The total amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute
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What is the average cardiac output?
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5 liters per minute
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What is blood pressure?
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The force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels
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What is systolic blood pressure?
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Pressure against the artery walls when the heart is contracting
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What is diastolic blood pressure?
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Pressure against the artery walls when the heart is relaxing
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How is blood pressure measured?
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Systolic BP divided by diastolic BP
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What is a high blood pressure range?
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Greater than 140/90 mm/Hg
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What are the affects of hypertension?
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Vessel damage, other forms of heart disease, pulmonary problems (pulmonary edema), and kidney problems
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How does the blood flow through the heart?
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Body to the heart to the lungs (where it is oxygenated) to the heart to the rest of the body
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What are the three primary coronary arteries?
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1. L. coronary artery
2. R. coronary artery 3. Circumflex artery |
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What do arteries carry?
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Oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
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What do veins carry?
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Deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
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How thick are capilleries?
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One cell thick
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What are the primary controllable CVD risk factors?
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1. Tobacco
2. Hypercholesterolemia 3. Hypertension 4. Physical inactivity |
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What are some secondary controllable CVD risk factors?
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1. Obesity
2. Diabetes 3. Stress |
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What are some uncontrollable risk factors for CVD?
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Genetics, age, and race
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What is atherosclerosis?
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The build-up of plaque in the inner lining of the artery
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What causes vessel damage?
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1. High blood pressure
2. Turbulent flow 3. Chemical damage |
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What is coronary heart disease?
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When the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart are narrowed or hardened
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What is the most common type of heart disease?
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Coronary heart disease
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What is a myocardial infarction?
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Death of some of the heart's muscle tissue because of a decrease in oxygen supply
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What is congestive heart failure?
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A disorder in which the heart loses to ability to pump blood efficiently to meet out body's needs
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What are some common causes of congestive heart failure?
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Arthersclerosis, damage after a MI, heart valve disease, viruses, and chronic alcohol use
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What is cerebrovascular disease?
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Interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain, resulting in damaged brain tissue
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What is a thrombus?
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A blood clot
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What is an embolism?
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A blood clot in the lower body
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What is an aneurysm?
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The ballooning of an artery
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What is a transient ischemic attack?
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Loss of oxygen, or a "ministroke"
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How do you prevent cardiovascular disease?
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Exercise, diet, not smoking, stress and weight management, annual doctor visits, treating existing risk factors, and avoiding excessive alcohol use
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What are Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying?
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1. Denial
2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
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What is cancer?
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A disease of abnormal and uncontrolled cellular growth
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What begins to form when normal cells lose their ability to control their growth?
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A tumor
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What are benign tumors?
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Not cancer and they do not spread
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What are malignant tumors?
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Cancer and they can spread or metastasize
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What are the four types of cancers?
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1. Carcinomas
2. Sarcomas 3. Lymphomas 4. Leukemias |
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Where do carcinomas occur?
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In the tissues that cover external body surfaces, tissues that line internal organs, i.e. skin, breasts, uterus, prostate, lungs, and GI tract
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Where do sarcomas occur?
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Arise from connective and fibrous tissues, i.e. muscle, bone, and cartilage
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Where do lymphomas occur?
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In the lymph nodes
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Where do leukemias occur?
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In the bone-marrow
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What are the seven major warning signs of cancer?
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Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness |
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What are the three types of skin cancer?
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1. Basal cell
2. Squamos cell carcinomas 3. Melanoma |
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What is diabetes?
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A disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin
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What is an epidemic?
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An outbreak
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What is an endemic?
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A regular occurrence
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What is a pandemic?
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An outbreak over a wide area
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What are communicable diseases?
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Infectious diseases
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What are non-communicable diseases?
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Non-infectious diseases
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What are acute diseases?
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Short term illnesses
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What are chronic diseases?
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Long term illnesses
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What is the outbreak chain of infection?
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1. Agent = causes disease
2. Reservoir = where agent resides 3. Portal of exit = how the agent leaves the reservoir 4. Mode of transmission = how the agent is spread 5. Portal of entry - how the agent enters its new host 6. The new host |
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How is the chain of infection interrupted?
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Reservoir can be isolated or destroyed; public sanitation; transmission is disrupted; or immunization or treatment of the infected hosts
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What are the body's physical and chemical barriers?
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Skin; mucous membranes; gastric juices; and antibodies and enzymes
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What recognizes the invading pathogen?
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Macrophages
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What amplifies the defense?
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Helper T cells trigger the production of killer T and B cells
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What slowdowns the activity?
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Suppressor T cells
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What are the three types of pathogens?
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1. Bacteria
2. Viruses 3. Other types |
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How are bacterial infections cured?
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Antibiotics
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How are viral infections cured?
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There is no cure
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How does Vitamin C help protect your immune system?
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Increases white blood cells and antibodies; increases levels of interferon; lowers risk of CVD; increases levels of HDL cholesterol; decreases blood pressure; lowers the risk of colon,. prostate, and breast cancer
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What is an STI?
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An infectious disease spread from person to person through sexual contact
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2/3 of STI cases occur in who?
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Young people
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Why are young people more at risk for STI's?
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Numerous sexual partners; more likely not to use protection; select partners who are at a higher risk
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What are some of the effects of STI's?
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Sterility; infants can suffer from deformities or blindness; there is no cure for many STI's; increases risk of cancer; death; social stigma
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What are the kind of bacterial STI's?
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Chlamydia; gonorrhea; and syphilis
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What are the kinds of viral STI's?
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Genital warts; genital herpes; and HIV/AIDS
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What are the four infectious body fluids?
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1. Blood
2. Semen 3. Vaginal secretions 4. Breast milk |
