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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACID DEPOSITION
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Acid Rain
Kills fish From sulfuric and nitric gases From low burning plans and motor vehicles |
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pH scale
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0=acid to 14=base
pH 7=neutral |
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EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
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Leach nutriends in the ground
kill nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that nourish plants Kill fish Release toxic metals |
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Acid rain controlds
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fueling switching
coal washing scrubbers fluidized bed combustion reduced consumption of electricity |
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Wet scrubber
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cleans air by exhaust smoke coming out of chimney. As smoke goes up-liquid spray captures particles and gases so air gets cleaner
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Bets ways to reduce acid rain
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Use less electricity
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What do humans do that hurts earth's atmosphere
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releases greenhouse gases
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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sun's rays strike earth & some are converted to infrared radiation that is transmitted back into outer space
Some of the infrared is absorbed by greenhouse gases insulating the earth More accumulations of greenhouse gases delays the release of infrared to outer space leading to global warming |
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WHAT ARE GREENHOUSE GASES
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~CO2 (biggest prob)(64%)
~Water Vapor ~Methane ~Nitrous Oxide ~CFC's |
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What causes CO2 to get into atmosphere?
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increased use of coal, oil & gas to power worlds factories and vehicles
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ACID DEPOSITION
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Acid Rain
Kills fish From sulfuric and nitric gases From low burning plans and motor vehicles |
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|
pH scale
|
0=acid to 14=base
pH 7=neutral |
|
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EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
|
Leach nutriends in the ground
kill nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that nourish plants Kill fish Release toxic metals |
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Acid rain controlds
|
fueling switching
coal washing scrubbers fluidized bed combustion reduced consumption of electricity |
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Wet scrubber
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cleans air by exhaust smoke coming out of chimney. As smoke goes up-liquid spray captures particles and gases so air gets cleaner
|
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Bets ways to reduce acid rain
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Use less electricity
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What do humans do that hurts earth's atmosphere
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releases greenhouse gases
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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sun's rays strike earth & some are converted to infrared radiation that is transmitted back into outer space
Some of the infrared is absorbed by greenhouse gases insulating the earth More accumulations of greenhouse gases delays the release of infrared to outer space leading to global warming |
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WHAT ARE GREENHOUSE GASES
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~CO2 (biggest prob)(64%)
~Water Vapor ~Methane ~Nitrous Oxide ~CFC's |
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What causes CO2 to get into atmosphere?
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increased use of coal, oil & gas to power worlds factories and vehicles
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Breakdown of worldwide CO2 emissions
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North America ~28%
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ROLE OF C02 IN GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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Moderates earth's temp
If we didn't have CO2 on earth, it would be 90 degrees cooler |
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Methane's effect
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19% of global warming
originates fro rice cultivating and microbial activity in the intestines of cattle and termites |
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CFC's role as a greenhouse gas
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Most destructive of ozone layer.
11% of global warming |
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IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING
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Diminishes crop yield
~Loss of biodiversity ~Rising sea levels ~Human illness/death |
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Why diminishing crop yields?
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Climate change (hotter, drier)
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Why a loss of biodiversity?
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Stress on natural ecosystem and some animals have a narrow tolerance (polar bears and how can only live in cold weather like Antarctica)
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How global warming effects human illness
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~Mosquitos
~Rising sea levels ~Death from heart attack and stroke ~Heat waves |
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Relation btwn warming based on estimates of energy use
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No change ~ 1 degree by 2100
Increase ~ 3 degrees Large acceleration ~ 5-9 degrees |
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KYOTO ACCORD
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~In 1997, 161 nations met to talk about global warming
~Developed, stop emitting green house by 5% and Developing countries were exempt. |
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CONSENSUS OF GLOBAL WARMING
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That greenhouse effect is real and humans are the ones causing it. It will take centuries to reduce. 90% chance that in mid 21st century, sea ice will reduce, winters will be warmer and sea level will rise
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Us being slow to issue address of global warming
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It costs too much
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How can you reduce COx emission?
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Bike, walk, transit, recycle
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OZONE LAYER
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Generated by stratosphere by action of UV on O2.
Amounts of ozone vary depending on season and location Most UV is absorbed by ozone layer Existence is of great biological significance |
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EFFECTS OF DESTRUCTION OF OZONE
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As CFC's released, reduces ozone. Allows UV rays to get in Earth. Causes health effects, damages crops and causes smog.
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Types of CFC's
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1) Industrial Solvents (cleaning products)
2) Cars, refrigeration 3) Aerosals, foam production, sterilization |
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HEALTH EFFECTS FROM UV RAYS
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Skin cancer, eye damage (blindness), immune system damage, early aging of skin
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HOLE IN THE SKY
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Direct link between ozone destruction and CFCs
Ozone loss conitnues but Montreal Protocoal stabilized |
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MONTREAL-PROTOCOL
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Ozone depletion presesnt major threat to life on earth. Controlls chemicals most responsible for ozone depletion (mostly CFC, which was haulted in 1999)
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Human impact on atmosphere
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Intro of pollutant gases and particles in significant amounts in atmosphere
Changes in the concentrations of natural atmospheric components |
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AIR POLLUTANTS
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Substances in the atmosphere that have harmful effects on the environment, animals, plants, microbes, and humans
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3 types of pollutants
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~volcano
~Smoke stacks of factories (stationary, easiest to control) ~Mobile sources: cars and trucks |
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INVERSION
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When warm air is sandwiched between 2 cold airs. Accumulates pollution
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2 TYPES OF SMOG
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1) Industrial ~ greyish
2) Photochemical ~ brownish, LA, from cars |
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CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1970
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Administered by EPA. Foundation to control air pollution in US. Calls for identifying most . Max. levels of air pollution to protect env. and health
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MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS
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~PM2.5~worst, causes lung cancer & PM10
~VOC's CO Sulfur oxide nitrogen oxides Lead and other heavy metals Air toxics and radon |
