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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is nutrition
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the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease
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definition of essential nutrient
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substances the body must get from food because it cannot manufacture them at all or fast enough to meet its needs. these nutrients include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water
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protein
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an essential nutrient; a compound made of amino acids that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
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amino acids
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the building blocks of proteins
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legumes
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vegetables such as peas and beans that are high in fiber and are also important sources of protein.
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hydrogenation
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a process by which hydrogens are added to unsaturated fats, increasing the degree of saturation and turning liquid oils into solid fats. hydrogenation produces a mixture of saturated fatty acids and standard and trans forms of unsaturated fatty acids
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trans fatty acid
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a type of unsaturated fatty acid produced during the process of hydrogenation; trans fats have an atypical shape that affects their chemical activity
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cholesterol
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a waxy substance found in the blood and cells and needed for cell membranes, vitamin D, and hormone synthesis
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LDL
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low-density lipoprotein. blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues; excess amounts result in the accumulation of fatty deposits on artery walls
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HDL
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high-density lipoprotein. blood fat that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries, thereby protecting against heart disease.
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carbohydrate
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an essential nutrient; sugars, starches, and dietary fiber are all carbohydrates
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glucose
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a simple sugar that is the body's basic fuel
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glycogen
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an animal starch stored in the liver adn muscles
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glycemic index
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a measure of how the ingestion of a particular food affects blood glucose levels
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vitamins
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organic substances needed in small amounts to help promote and regulate chemical reactions and processes in the body
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antioxidant
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a substance that protects against the breakdown of body constituents by free radicals; actions include binding oxygen, donating electrons to free radicals, and repairing damage to molecules
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minerals
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inorganic compounds needed in small amounts for regulation, growth, and maintenance of body tissues and functions
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anemia
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a deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material in the red blood cells
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osteoporosis
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a condition in which the bones become thin and brittle and break easily
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free radical
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an electron-seeking compound that can react with fats, proteins, and DNA, damaging cell membranes and mutating genes in its search for electrons; produced through chemical reactions in the body and by exposure to environmental factors such as sunlight and tobacco smoke
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phytochemical
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a naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent and treat chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer; phyto means "plant"
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My Plate
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my plate.gov
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vegetarian
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Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat – red meat, poultry, seafood and the flesh of any other animal; it may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.
(from wiki) |
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organic
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a designation applied to foods grow and produced according to strict guidelines limiting the use of pesticides, nonorganic ingredients, hormones, antibiotics, genetic engineering, irradiation, and other practices
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