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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Embryogenesis
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endosperm begins dividing immediately with no cell walls formedl area around zygote is filled w/1000s of cells; zygote divides to form 2 cells of unequal sizes
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embryo
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upper cell of the divided zygote
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suspension
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bottom cell of the divided zygote; like an ubilical cord; nutrients fo the embyro from endosperm or mother plant enter into suspensor; sythesis hormones
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embryonic stages
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globular stage; heart state; torpedo stage; mature embyro
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apomixis
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development of viable seeds without meiosis and fertilization; embryo produced identical to parent with the same 2n number as parents
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Embryogenesis
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endosperm begins dividing immediately with no cell walls formedl area around zygote is filled w/1000s of cells; zygote divides to form 2 cells of unequal sizes
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embryo
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upper cell of the divided zygote
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suspension
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bottom cell of the divided zygote; like an ubilical cord; nutrients fo the embyro from endosperm or mother plant enter into suspensor; sythesis hormones
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embryonic stages
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globular stage; heart state; torpedo stage; mature embyro
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apomixis
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development of viable seeds without meiosis and fertilization; embryo produced identical to parent with the same 2n number as parents
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Advantages of apomicis
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assured reproduction in absence of pollinators; enery saved (no meiosis); offspring is identical to parent plant
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Disadvantages of apomixix
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mutations accumulate; habitat ranges restricted; adaption to changing environments is low
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When does apomixis occur?
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meiosis doesn't occur in female but in one cypress, meiosis does not occur in male (pollen); pollen develops into an embryo when it lands on a female cone of the same species OR more common species
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The heart stage
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the stage in which the endosperm is absorbed
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fruit
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mature ovary containing seeds; developed from the pistil; the wall is the ovary wall
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apomixix
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a sexual seed reproduction without meiosis or mitosis
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dehiscent
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spontaneous opening at maturity of dry fruit, disseminating seed
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indehiscent
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not splitting open at maturity, seed dissemination within fruit
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fleshy fruits
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accesory parts of ovary develop into succulent tissue; consists of fuit wall with pericarp and other fused attached flower parts
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true berry
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skin is edible and is a trui pericarp; edible pulp; seeds from a single ovary; obary may contain 1 or more carpels each having 1 or more ovules
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parthenocarpy
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formation of fruit without pollination and fertilization (no seeds) occrus natuually in some plants; induced in some plants
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Sporophyte
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a plant that produces sports; this phase is diploid
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gametophyte
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a plant that produces gametes; this stage is haploid
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zygote
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product of fertilization; diploid because it's a result of 2 haploid gametes; marks the initiation of the sporophyte generation
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Spore
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product of meiosis; haploid cells resulting from meiotic cells; marks the initiation of the gametophte generation
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Gamete
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produced from mitotic cell dicision of gametophye; two of these fuse at fertilization to produce a zygote
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Antheridia
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haploid structure with male gametes; in mosses; born on an antheridiophore
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Archegonia
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haploid structure w/female gametes; in mosesses; born on an archegoniophore
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parthenocarpy
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formation of fruits without pollination and fertilization; sometimes induced
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Pteridophyta
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ferns
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Sporangia
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formed ont he underside of gern fronds; meiosis takes place in these to make haploid spores
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Prothallus
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adult gametophyte; both male and female parts
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Gymnosperm
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collection of divisions with similar characteristics
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