Horticulture Final Exam

Front 1

gravitropism

Back 1

plant response to gravity

Front 2

phototropism

Back 2

plant response to light

Front 3

thigmotropism

Back 3

plant response to touch

Front 4

auxin

Back 4

produced in growing tips. transport in parenchyma of vascular tissue. effects cell elongation, lateral bud dormancy, fruit development.

Front 5

gibberellin

Back 5

produced in young leaves, apical tips, embryo. transported in xylem and phloem. effects cell division and elongation, fruit development.

Front 6

cytokinin

Back 6

produced in roots. transported upwards in xylem. effects cell division, lateral bud expansion, chloroplast development.

Front 7

abscisic acid

Back 7

produced in leaves. transported in phloem. effects seed maturation, stomatic function, dormancy.

Front 8

ethylene

Back 8

produced in response to stress. transported in air- gas. effects fruit ripening, leaf abscission, flower senescence.

Front 9

photoperiodism

Back 9

response of plants to length of day

Front 10

long day plants

Back 10

flower when night length is less than critical period. (short nights)

Front 11

short day plants

Back 11

flower when night length is longer than critical period. long night.

Front 12

translocated incompatibility

Back 12

something in stock translocated to scion that causes it to die or union to break down.

Front 13

localized incompatibility

Back 13

won't grow together. interstock insertion can help.

Front 14

t-budding

Back 14

t-cut made on stock through bark. bark peeled back and bud with wood is slid under bark. wrap it with budding tape.

Front 15

patch budding

Back 15

used when bark is too thick for t-bud. patch bud is removed from scion, then same size bark cut away on stock. put in place then wrapped tightly.

Front 16

spring budding

Back 16

budwood collected when dormant. 1 year top, 2 year root. t buds inserted as growth begins in spring.

Front 17

june budding

Back 17

1 year top and rootstock

Front 18

fall budding

Back 18

seedlings grow through spring and summer, bud inserted in beginning of fall, seedlings cut back next spring.

Front 19

whip and tongue graft

Back 19

two cuts made in scion and stock, so that they fit together. usually done for fairly small plants. flexible wood needed with not much of a pith.

Front 20

splice graft

Back 20

better with less flexible wood with more of a pith. one diagonal cut for each part, then wrapped and waxed.

Front 21

side graft

Back 21

scion cut to form smooth edge. slanting cut made into stock. scion inserted into cut in stock. tension of stock will hold it well. put in at angle for cambial contact.

Front 22

saddle graft

Back 22

cut to point of sides of stock. indent scion so fits on top of piont. stock and scion must be same size. best done when dormant.

Front 23

cleft graft

Back 23

several different scion added to much larger stock. good for topworking. cleft made in stock, wood should be fairly flexible. scion cut in wedge shape, placed into cleft.

Front 24

saw-kerf graft

Back 24

3 cuts made in stock, scion tapped into the middle, cambien must match up.

Front 25

bark graft

Back 25

easier but makes for weaker union. larger stock, section of bark cut out, scion cut to match it, can be put under flexible bark or just nailed in place. do during active growth. subject to wind breaks.

Front 26

bridge grafts

Back 26

for repairing injured stock. do in spring. scion material put around stem when bark was stripped. scion slipped under bark at top and bottom. ring of scion becomes means of transport for stock. polarity important b/c of phloem.

Front 27

banana graft

Back 27

cut bark of stock in strips. peel back and cut off exposed wood. stick in scion and pull strips back up. susceptible to wind damage, needs to be staked.

Front 28

central leader

Back 28

main trunk, going straight up. ex apples, pears.

Front 29

modified leader

Back 29

top pruned off occasionally so central leader not as straight.

Front 30

open form

Back 30

center was pruned and side branches allowed to come up . peaches, plums.

Front 31

pests- biters

Back 31

ex beetles. bite steam and leaf, root, steam borers, fruit feeders

Front 32

pests- suckers

Back 32

ex mites, aphids, leafhoppers, mealy bugs. mostly in house plants.

Front 33

nematodes

Back 33

tiny worms (vom) in soil. adequate soil moisture and fertilization cut down on losses. good weed control important.

Front 34

integrated pest management

Back 34

look at number of different ways to control pests in way that's best for environment. economic injury level is when chemicals are used. monitoring process is key.