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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution |
Formation of individuals with different genotypes. |
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Evolution |
*The change may not be noticeable;most changes are produced over long periods of time. |
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Genetic variability |
Occurrence of differences among individuals due to differences in their genetic make-up. |
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Evolution |
- The change in the genetic composition of a population |
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Gene pool Germplasm |
Collection of genetic materials which include cultivated and traditional varieties, introduced lines, elite breeding lines, wild relatives, and mutants of a given crop. |
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Gene/Allele Frequency |
how frequently an allele of a gene appears in a population. |
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Gene and Genotypic frequency |
Mendels’ Experiment: a focus on plant height of garden peas. |
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Hardy-Weinberg Law |
“In a large random-mating population with no selection, mutation or migration, gene frequency and genotypic frequency are constant from generation to generation. |
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Plant Breeding |
is a directed and accelerated evolution. |
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Variation Heredity Selection |
Principles in Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection |
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Mutation |
the building blocks of evolution; |
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Mutation |
sudden heritable variation in gene or chromosome structure |
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base substitution base addition base deletion |
Types of mutation |
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Genetic Recombination |
- The exchange of genetic material between different organisms which leads to production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. |
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Meiotic Recombination |
- exchange of segments between homologous chromosome |
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Aneuploidy |
-numerical change in a part of the chromosome set |
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Euploidy |
- numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes |
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Polyploid |
- Organism with more than two sets of chromosomes. |
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Autopolyploid |
– ploidy involves homologous sets |
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Allopolyploid |
– involves non-homologous sets of chromosomes |
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Banana Potato Sweet potato |
Example of autopolyploid |
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Cotton tobacco Wheat |
Example of Allopolyploid |
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Natural Selection |
- Random processes resulting from interaction between environmental factors and biological entities. |
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Natural selection |
No direction |
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Natural selection |
Act as “sieve” on genetic recombination |
