Justin Poitras M4 Honors Biology Chapter 5

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

The sum of all the reactions in an organism and its cells that occur in order to sustain life.

Hint 1

All Reactions or ___________ = Sustaining Life

Front 2

Biosynthesis

Back 2

The creation of large molecules occurring in an organism and it's cells.

Hint 2

Creation of molecules in cells

Front 3

Decomposition

Back 3

The breaking down of molecules into their simpler components.

Hint 3

Ex: 2H2O -> 2H2 + O2

Front 4

Cell Respiration

Back 4

The breaking down of sugars with the products of H2O, CO2, and ATP

Hint 4

Form of decomposition reaction occurring in cells

Front 5

Aerobic

Back 5

Requiring oxygen

Hint 5

_________ respiration happens when their is oxygen

Front 6

Anaerobic

Back 6

Not requiring oxygen

Hint 6

_________ respiration happens without the need oxygen

Front 7

Fermentation

Back 7

The conversion of sugars in order to produce energy for use within a cell.

Hint 7

__________ can be used to create acids, gases, or alcohol

Front 8

Glycolysis

Back 8

Decomposition of glucose in Aerobic Respiration resulting in simple molecules.

Hint 8

First stage of Aerobic Respiration

Front 9

Glucose

Back 9

Simple sugar produced by plants and animals that is used in cell respirations.

Hint 9

Chemical Formula: C6H12O6

Front 10

Krebs Cycle

Back 10

Stage of Aerobic Respiration in which molecules from glycolysis are further decomposed, electron carriers are synthesized, and carbon molecules are created for use in biosynthesis reactions.

Hint 10

The ________ _________ is the second stage of Aerobic Respiration

Front 11

NAD+/NADH

Back 11

NAD+: Molecule that is a electron acceptor for metabolic processes

(oxidized molecule becomes reduced)

NADH: Molecule that is a electron donor for metabolic processes (reduced molecule becomes oxidized)

Hint 11

________/________ are proton donors and acceptors for metabolic processes

Front 12

FAD/FADH2

Back 12

FAD is a molecule that can accept one or two electrons, hydrogen atoms, or hydronium ions to aid in metabolic processes. FADH2 is a form of FAD that has accepted two protons and two electrons

Hint 12

_______ can accept electrons, hydrogen atoms, or hydronium ions and _______ is a form in which it has accepted two protons and two electrons

Front 13

Electron Transport System

Back 13

Final stage of Aerobic Respiration in which the majority of ATP is formed.

Hint 13

Transfers electrons between carriers

Front 14

ATP

Back 14

Molecule containing a large amount of energy that is used in almost all metabolic processes.

Hint 14

_________ is considered the "currency of life"

Front 15

Pyruvate

Back 15

The product of glycolysis.

Hint 15

Two molecules of ______ are the reactants for the Krebs Cycle

Front 16

Lactate

Back 16

The product of Lactic Acid Fermentation

Hint 16

Produced by Lactic Acid Fermentation

Front 17

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Back 17

The process in cells when NADH and pyruvate revert to NAD+ and form lactate

Hint 17

Occurs after exercise

Front 18

Mitochondrion

Back 18

An organelle found in most cells in which most of a cell's energy is produced.

Hint 18

The primary location of energy production in a cell

Front 19

Matrix

Back 19

The inner component of mitochondrion where molecules are oxidized.

Hint 19

Similar to the cytoplasm but in mitochondrion

Front 20

Cristae

Back 20

A folding in the membrane of a mitochondria of a cell which supplies the area for reactions to take place

Hint 20

Folding in the mitochondria

Front 21

Acetate

Back 21

A molecule used by organisms in the Krebs Cycle

Hint 21

A form of this molecule is a reactant in the Krebs Cycle

Front 22

Citrate

Back 22

Molecule produced by acetyl CoA bonding with a 4-carbon acid; coenzyme A thats is produced is reused in the Krebs Cycle.

Hint 22

The decomposition of ________ is the last step of the Krebs Cycle

Front 23

Coenzyme A/acetyl CoA

Back 23

Coenzyme A is a "carrier molecule" that bonds with Acetate in the Krebs Cycle to form acetyl CoA

Hint 23

The conversion of _________ and Acetate into ________ is the middle (3rd) step in the Krebs Cycle

Front 24

Cytochromes

Back 24

Involved in the redox reactions that occur in mitochondria.

Hint 24

Helps create a proton gradient that produces ATP

Front 25

Facultative Aerobes

Back 25

Organisms that function better in the presence of oxygen in order to perform aerobic respiration and create ATP, but can also function and create ATP through anaerobic respiration

Hint 25

________ ________ can function with or without plenty of oxygen.

Front 26

Obligate Anaerobes

Back 26

Organisms that can only survive if they are in a environment with very little - no oxygen content.

Hint 26

________ _________ avoid environments with a lot of oxygen

Front 27

Obligates Aerobes

Back 27

Organisms that need a plentiful supply of oxygen to function and sustain metabolic processes.

Hint 27

___________ _________ live in environments with a lot of oxygen

Front 28

Hydrolysis

Back 28

The process in which the bonds of a compound are broken due to a reaction with water.

Hint 28

Contains the prefix meaning "water"

Front 29

Oxidize

Back 29

When molecules lose electrons

Hint 29

A __________d molecules is one that has lost an electron

Front 30

Reduce

Back 30

When molecules gain electrons

Hint 30

The amount of electrons are actually increased rather than ________d

Front 31

Glucose

Back 31

Simple sugar produced by plants and animals that is used in cell respirations.

Hint 31

Chemical Formula: C6H12O6

Front 32

ATP Synthase

Back 32

An enzyme whose primary function is to create ATP

Hint 32

ATP _________ is found in all living cells