Honors Bio, Ch. 4, Alana Pettaway

Front 1

Photoautotroph

Back 1

an autotroph that does photosynthesis to obtain energy.

Hint 1

1. ex; plants, algae, some bacteria

2. Do not live in hot dark and acidic environments

Front 2

Photosynthesis

Back 2

Series of chemical reactions that use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugar and oxygen

Hint 2

1. 3 CO2 + 3 H2O --> C3H6O3 + 3 O2

2. Relatively efficient

Front 3

Pigments

Back 3

Chemicals found in photosynthetic cells that are able to absorb visible light

Hint 3

1. Reflected wavelengths are shown

2. Chlorophyll is a green _______ found in plants

Front 4

Thylakoids

Back 4

A saclike membrane in the chloroplasts of plant cells that is often arranged in stacks called grana and that is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Hint 4

1. Contain pigments and enzymes.

2. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in __________.

Front 5

Grana

Back 5

Stacks of thylakoid membrane sacs

Hint 5

1. Looks similar to a stack of pancakes

2. Stroma surrounds ________

Front 6

Stroma

Back 6

Space surrounding the grana

Hint 6

1. Matrix of the chloroplast

2. Spongey and colorless

Front 7

Chloroplast

Back 7

Site of photosynthesis in plant and algae cells.

Hint 7

1. Has a semi-permeable membrane

2. Only found in plant cells

Front 8

Chlorophyll

Back 8

Green pigments found in thylakoids

Hint 8

1. ___________ a and b absorb blue/violet and red/orange light, and reflect yellow/green

2. As the __________ content of leaves declines in the fall, the accessory pigments become more visible.

Front 9

Light Reactions

Back 9

Pigments in thylakoids absorb light and convert it to chemical energy carried by short-lived, high-energy molecules

Hint 9

1. Water is split into electrons, H+ ions, and oxygen

2. PSI and PSII absorb light energy

Front 10

PSI

Back 10

Makes use of light to transfer electrons

Hint 10

2. Absorb light energy

Front 11

PSII

Back 11

Oxides water to harvest electrons

Hint 11

1. Drives oxidation of water

2. Absorbs light

Front 12

Calvin Cycle

Back 12

The second set of reactions in photosynthesis

Hint 12

1. Necessary to produce organic molecules

2. Converts energy in ATP and NADPH into more stable, high energy sugars

Front 13

RuBP

Back 13

A molecule that combines with carbon dioxide to form a six carbon sugar

Hint 13

2. Ribulose biphosphate

Front 14

NADP+/NADPH

Back 14

A molecule that is reduced in PSI.

Hint 14

1. Used in anabolic reactions

2. Hydrogen carrier

Front 15

ATP Synthetase

Back 15

The process that diffuses H+ ions to form ATP

Hint 15

1. Allows proteins to diffuse out of thylakoids

2. Enzyme

Front 16

PGA/PGAL

Back 16

A three carbon sugar formed by carbon dioxide and RuBP

Hint 16

1. In central metabolic pathways

2. Acts as an intermediate

Front 17

Rate

Back 17

Activity per unit of time

Hint 17

1. _____ of change is known in math as slope

2. The crime ____ rose by 26%

Front 18

Photoinhibition

Back 18

A decline in photosynthesis

Hint 18

2. Light induced reduction

Front 19

Saturation point

Back 19

The light intensity above the light response curve

Hint 19

1. No more of something can be absorbed

2. Flat-line

Front 20

Limiting factors

Back 20

Factors that limit the rate of a reaction

Hint 20

1. Ex; temperature

2. Law of the Minimum

Front 21

Rubisco

Back 21

An enzyme found in plant chloroplasts

Hint 21

2. Involved n first step of carbon fixation

Front 22

Photorespiration

Back 22

The result of an organism losing carbon atoms

Hint 22

1 . Oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle

2. Benefits are unclear

Front 23

Bundle sheath cells

Back 23

The cells that surround the veins in leaves

Hint 23

1. Found in layers

2. Contain chloroplast and are the site of Calvin cycle

Front 24

C3 Plants

Back 24

Most efficient in photosynthesis when in cool and wet climates

Hint 24

1. Most energy efficient method

2. Most plants

Front 25

C4 Plants

Back 25

Most efficient in photosynthesis when in hot, dry climates.

Hint 25

1. Tropical grasses like corn and sugarcane

2. Loses less water then C3

Front 26

CAM

Back 26

Carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions

Hint 26

1. Ex; pineapple, agave

2. Best water conservation

Front 27

Stomates

Back 27

An opening in leaves in which gases are exchanged

Hint 27

1. Opening in membrane

2. Water and gases pass through

Front 28

Chemoautotrophs

Back 28

Autotrophs that use chemosynthesis

Hint 28

1. Include bacteria that are in a too dark, acidic, or hot area

2. Inefficient

Front 29

Chemosynthesis

Back 29

Set of chemical reactions in which inorganic substances are oxidized in the presence of CO2 to make sugar

Hint 29

1. Relatively inefficient

2. Chemoautotrophs do this