Honors Bio - Bio Chem Test

Front 1

what is biochemistry

Back 1

the study of biologicall active, organic (contains carbon) compounds

Front 2

5 reasons why carbon is so important

Back 2

*forms 4 covalent bonds
*bonds to many different elements
*single and double bonds
*carbon allows for an infinite variety of structures, therefore infinite variety of functions
*forms rings, chains, branching chains

Front 3

slogan for chapter

Back 3

STRUCTURE DETERMINES FUNCTION

Front 4

DEFINE Carbohydrate

Back 4

an organic compound present in the cells of all living thins and a major organic nutrient for humans

Front 5

ELEMENTS in Carbohydrates

Back 5

C, H, O

Front 6

MONOMERS Carbohydrates

Back 6

monosaccharides

Front 7

H:O Ratio in Carbohydrates

Back 7

2:1

Front 8

General Formula for Carbohydrates

Back 8

CH20 "Carbon Water"

Front 9

function of monosaccharides in carbohydrates

Back 9

*used to build complex carbs
*quick access to energy

Front 10

what are 2 monosaccharides bonded together

Back 10

disaccharides

Front 11

what are 3+ monosaccharides bonded together

Back 11

polysaccharides

Front 12

DEFINE polymerization

Back 12

the proccess of linking monomers to form polymers

Front 13

Polymerization is what type of reaction?

Back 13

dehydration synthesis

Front 14

polymers>monomers

Back 14

revearse polymerization

Front 15

FUNCTION dissacharides

Back 15

*nutrients
*transports sugars in plants

Front 16

FUNCTION polysaccharides

Back 16

*short term energy storage- stored in glycogen
*structural support

Front 17

DEFINE lipid

Back 17

a kind of organic compound that is insoluble in water,such as fats and steriods

Front 18

ELEMENTS lipids

Back 18

C, H, O

Front 19

ratio between H and O in lipids

Back 19

2:1

Front 20

which stores more energy, lipids or carbohydrates?

Back 20

lipids = 2x the energy storage as carbohydrates

Front 21

List 9 Functions of lipids

Back 21

*long term energy storage
*protection, cushioning
*insulation
*cell membrane
*chemical messengers
*creates wax
*makes up saturated and unsaturated fats
*makes up hormones
*chloresteral

Front 22

MONOMERS in lipids

Back 22

fatty acids, glycerol

Front 23

2 saturated fats

Back 23

*animal fats
*shorening

Front 24

2 unsaturated fats

Back 24

*plant oils
*fish oils

Front 25

why are sat. fats worse for you?

Back 25

straight lines, so can solidfy more easily, causes arties and clots

Front 26

structure of a unsat. fat

Back 26

curly, becuase of carbons double bond with eachother

Front 27

fatty acid structure

Back 27

H H H H =O
H-C-C-C-C-C
H H H H -OH

Front 28

WHAT IS A CARBOXyL GROUP/carboxyl acid

Back 28

=O
C
-OH

Front 29

what parts of the fatty acid are polar/nonpolar

Back 29

the=O and the OH are polar, the rest are not

Front 30

ELEMENTS proteins

Back 30

N,O,C,H,S

Front 31

what is the structure of a protein like?

Back 31

complex

Front 32

MONOMERS in proteins

Back 32

amino acids

Front 33

how many amino acids and how do they connnect to chains

Back 33

20 types, and in any order

Front 34

what determines function?

Back 34

structural diversity

Front 35

name 7 functions of proteins

Back 35

*enzymes
*antibodies
*transport: pumps, channels across membranes
*transports: long distance
*hormones
*receptors
*structural

Front 36

4 levels of a protein structure

Back 36

1) primiary (polypeptide chain)
2) secondary structure
3)tertiary structure
4) quatonary structure

Front 37

MONOMERS in lipids

Back 37

fatty acids, glycerol

Front 38

2 saturated fats

Back 38

*animal fats
*shorening

Front 39

2 unsaturated fats

Back 39

*plant oils
*fish oils

Front 40

why are sat. fats worse for you?

Back 40

straight lines, so can solidfy more easily, causes arties and clots

Front 41

structure of a unsat. fat

Back 41

curly, becuase of carbons double bond with eachother

Front 42

fatty acid structure

Back 42

H H H H =O
H-C-C-C-C-C
H H H H -OH

Front 43

WHAT IS A CARBOXyL GROUP/carboxyl acid

Back 43

=O
C
-OH

Front 44

what parts of the fatty acid are polar/nonpolar

Back 44

the=O and the OH are polar, the rest are not

Front 45

ELEMENTS proteins

Back 45

N,O,C,H,S

Front 46

what is the structure of a protein like?

Back 46

complex

Front 47

MONOMERS in proteins

Back 47

amino acids

Front 48

how many amino acids and how do they connnect to chains

Back 48

20 types, and in any order

Front 49

what determines function?

Back 49

structural diversity

Front 50

name 7 functions of proteins

Back 50

*enzymes
*antibodies
*transport: pumps, channels across membranes
*transports: long distance
*hormones
*receptors
*structural

Front 51

4 levels of a protein structure

Back 51

1) primiary (polypeptide chain)
2) secondary structure
3)tertiary structure
4) quatonary structure

Front 52

DRAW AN AMINO ACID

Back 52

check answer in the texty

Front 53

what does a polypeptide chain (primary level in protein) determine?

Back 53

determines how the protein will fold, therfore defining its structure

Front 54

DEFINE polypeptide chain

Back 54

lineas chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Front 55

what are the two shapes of the secondary structure in a protien

Back 55

spiral or swiggles then a big bowly thing

Front 56

what bonds with what to create the secondary structure

Back 56

H bonds with amino and carboxyl

Front 57

how is the tertiary structure in a protien held together

Back 57

by interactions between R groups, ionic bods, H bonds, covalent disulfide bonds

Front 58

when do most proteins become functional

Back 58

at the tertiary structure

Front 59

DEFINE adhesion

Back 59

the attractive force between unlike substances

Front 60

DEFINE capillarity

Back 60

the reaction of a liquid surface with a solid, a capillarity allows water to creep up the interior of a narrow vessel

Front 61

DEFINE cohesion

Back 61

the attraction of like molecules to eachother

Front 62

DEFINE hydrogen bond

Back 62

a weak chemical bond between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negativley-charged region of another molecule

Front 63

DEFINE polar

Back 63

a compound with one side hacing a negative charge and the other side having a positive charge

Front 64

DEFINE adenosine triphosphate

Back 64

(ATP) a molecule present in all living cells and acting as an energy source for metabloic processes

Front 65

DEFINE functional group

Back 65

a structural building block that determines the characteristics of a chemical compound

Front 66

DEFINE condensation reaction

Back 66

a chemical reaction, also called dehydration synethesis, in which one molecule isproduced (H2O)

Front 67

DEFINE hydrolysis

Back 67

the splitting of a molecule through reaction with water

Front 68

DEFINE macromolecule

Back 68

a very large oraganic molecule composed of many smaller molecules

Front 69

DEFINE monomer

Back 69

a repeated, single-molecule unit in a polymer

Front 70

DEFINE polymer

Back 70

a compound consisting of repeated linked monomers

Front 71

DEFINE amino acid

Back 71

a carboxylic acid with an amino group; one of the 20 monomers that form a protein

Front 72

DEFINE carbohydrate

Back 72

an organic compound present in the cells of all living things and a major organic nutrient for humans

Front 73

DEFINE dipeptide

Back 73

a formation from two amino acids bonded together by means of condensation reaction

Front 74

DEFINE disaccharide

Back 74

a double sugar formed from two monosaccharides

Front 75

DEFINE fatty acid

Back 75

a monomer that is part of most lipids

Front 76

DEFINE hydrophilic

Back 76

reffering to the molecular attraction to water

Front 77

DEFINE hydrophobic

Back 77

reffering to the molecular repulsion of water

Front 78

DEFINE isomer

Back 78

one of the two or more compounds that differ in structure but not in molecular composition

Front 79

DEFINE lipid

Back 79

a kind of organic compoundthat is insoluble in water, such as fats and steriods

Front 80

DEFINE monosaccharide

Back 80

a simple sugar suc as frutose or glucose

Front 81

DEFINE nucleic acid

Back 81

an organic molecule, DNA or RNA, that stores and carries important information for cell function

Front 82

DEFINE nucleotide

Back 82

a monomer of dna and RNA consisting of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group

Front 83

DEFINE peptide bond

Back 83

a covalent bond between two amino acids

Front 84

DEFINE phospholipid

Back 84

a complex lipid having two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol

Front 85

DEFINE polypeptide

Back 85

a long chain of several amino acids

Front 86

DEFINE polysaccharide

Back 86

a complex carbohydrate composed of three or more monosaccharides

Front 87

DEFINE protein

Back 87

an organic compound composed of one or two more chains of polypeptides which in turn are formed from amino acids

Front 88

DEFINE ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Back 88

a nucleic acid composed of a single strand and distinguished from DNA by containing ribosome and uracil

Front 89

DEFINE steriod

Back 89

a lipid in which the moleculeis composed of four carbon rings

Front 90

DEFINE substrate

Back 90

a part, substance, or elment that lies beneath and supports and supports another; the reactant in any enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Front 91

DEFINE triglyceride

Back 91

a lipid made up of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecules

Front 92

difference between condensation reaction hydrolisis

Back 92

condensation reaction links monomers, but hydrolisis does just the oppisite

Front 93

lock-and-key method

Back 93

when an enzyme can only atach too a certain shape, enzyme flexes to conform to reactants shape, then enzyme is unchanged and is reused by another reactant