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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the closest approach to a literal statement of equality found in the constitution? |
in the 14th amendment’s equal protection clausewho was |
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Who was the clause originally intended to benefit? |
it meant to originally benefit newly freed slaves |
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What does it forbid today and what is the “ smokers ” example? |
forbids the gov from discriminating // every state taxes cigarettes which smokers pay |
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What major legal concept came out of Michael M. v. Superior court? |
a man who has sexual relations with a girl under 18 to whom he is married can be prosecuted for statutory rape |
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What major public policy goal was the court interested in with regard to the above case? |
Preventing teenager pregnancies |
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In the late 1800s, how many states passed segregation laws and what does segregation mean? |
Nearly half the states and it means the separation of one group from another |
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What were Jim Crow Laws and at who were they aimed? |
laws that separate people on the basis of race & aimed at African Americans |
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Give examples of places where Jim Crow required segregation? |
Schools, parks, playground, hotels, restaurants, streetcars, public restrooms, drinking fountain |
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In 1896, what constitutional basis did the Supreme Court provide for Jim Crow Laws? |
Separate-but-equal doctrine |
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Why did they say that the separate-but-equal doctrine did not violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment? |
Separate facilities provided for African Americans were equal to those provided for whites |
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How long was the separate-but-equal doctrine the constitutional qualification for segregation? |
nearly 60 years |
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In the Gaines case, the Supreme Court began chipping away at the separate-but-equal doctrine. (Summarize the facts on your paper) |
denied admission to the law school at all white Missouri neighboring states public law schools offered to pay |
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What two choices were left to the state of Missouri with the above cases & what did Missouri do? |
either admit Gaines to the states law school or establish a separate-but-equal school for him and Missouri gave in & admitted Gaines |
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In what year, using what case, did the Supreme Court reverse the Plessy v. Ferguson? |
In 1954 & in the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
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What did the Supreme Court direct in 1955? |
to make “ a prompt and reasonable start ” to end segregation “ with all deliberate speed ” |
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Where did massive resistance develop & what did the state legislatures in those states do? |
In the Deep South & passed laws & school boards worked to block integration |
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When did the pace of desegregation quicken? |
After congress passed the Civil Rights Act Of 1964 |
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What is de jure segregation? |
Segregation by law, with legal sanction |
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What is de facto segregation? |
segregation in fact, even if no law requires it |
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What law did the court strike down in Loving v. Virginia, 1967? |
all state miscegenation (laws that forbid interracial marriages) |
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What law did the court strike down in Taylor v. Louisiana? |
Equal protection clause forbids the states to exclude women from jury service |
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Why did Green decide to enroll in Central High School? |
He was a full citizen, not a second class citizen as segregation made him feel & wanted to be treated fairly |
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What resistance did the “ Little Rock Nine ” encounter when they tried to enroll at the school? |
Angry white mob and armed soldiers |
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How was Green finally able to attend the school? |
President Eisenhower had protection of 1000 paratroops protect Green to and back school |
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Why would attending Central high school have made Green feel that he was no longer a “ second class citizen ” ? |
he achieved something for himself and had broken a barrier |
