Holt Mcdougal World History Patterns Of Interaction

Front 1

Fertile crescent

Back 1

an arc of rich farmland in Southwest, between the persian gulf and the Mediterranean sea

Front 2

Mesopotamia

Back 2

greek for land in between the rivers

Front 3

city state

Back 3

a powerful city and the land around it

Front 4

dynasty

Back 4

a series of rulers from a single family

Front 5

culture diffusion

Back 5

the spreading of products or ideas from one culture to another

Front 6

polytheism

Back 6

the belief in more than one god

Front 7

empire

Back 7

a political unit in which a number of peoples or countries are controlled by a single ruler

Front 8

delta

Back 8

a marshy region formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of a river

Front 9

hieroglyphics

Back 9

an ancient egyptian writing system where pictures were used to represent sounds or ideas

Front 10

papyrus

Back 10

a tall reed that grows in the nile delta, used by the ancient egyptians as a writing material

Front 11

monsoon

Back 11

a wind that shifts direction at certain times of the year

Front 12

Harappan civilization

Back 12

another name for the indus river valley civilization that arose possibly in 7000 b.c.

Front 13

loess

Back 13

a fertile deposit of windblown soil

Front 14

oracle bone

Back 14

one of the tortoise shells or animal bones that chinese priests used to communicate with their gods

Front 15

mandate of heaven

Back 15

in chinese history the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority

Front 16

dynastic cycle

Back 16

the historical pattern of the rise, decline and replacement of dynasties

Front 17

feudalism

Back 17

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king in exchange for the loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on it

Front 18

indo-europeans

Back 18

a group of semi nomadic who in about 1700 b.c. migrated down from southern russia to the indian subcontinent, Europe, and Asia

Front 19

steppes

Back 19

dry grass covered plains

Front 20

Mahahbarata

Back 20

a great indian poem about the struggles of the aryans as the moved into india

Front 21

reincarnation

Back 21

rebirth

Front 22

karma

Back 22

good deeds, bad deeds

Front 23

enlightenment

Back 23

in Buddhism a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands the basic truths about the universe

Front 24

nirvana

Back 24

release from the pain and suffering after the achievement of enlightenment

Front 25

Minoans

Back 25

a seafaring people that lived on the island of crete sometime between 2000 to 1400 b.c.

Front 26

phoenicians

Back 26

a seafaring people of southwest Asia who around 1100 b.c. began to trade and set up colonies around the mediterranean

Front 27

Torah

Back 27

the first 5 books of the hebrew bible the most sacred of jewish writings

Front 28

Monotheism

Back 28

the belief in a single god

Front 29

covenant

Back 29

a mutual promise or agreement

Front 30

Hyksos

Back 30

a group of nomadic invaders who ruled egypt from 1640 to 1570 b.c.

Front 31

assyria

Back 31

a southwest asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from 850 to 612 b.c.

Front 32

medes

Back 32

a southwest asian people who helped to destroy the assyrian

Front 33

Chaldeans

Back 33

a southwest asian people who helped to destroy the assyrian

Front 34

bureaucracy

Back 34

a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government

Front 35

I Ching

Back 35

a book of oracles consulted to answer ethical and practical problems

Front 36

yin and yang

Back 36

in chinese thought two powers that control aspects of every day life

Front 37

Qin dynasty

Back 37

a short lived dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty in 3rd century b.c.

Front 38

autocracy

Back 38

a government that has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner