• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/33

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Do veins become larger or smaller as they near the base of the neck?
Larger
What are small veins called?
Venules
How do veins differ from arteries?
• They carry oxygen poor blood toward the heart.
• They have a greater variability in location, branching into smaller venules and reconnecting freely.
• They are generally larger and more numerous than arteries in the same tissue area.
Internal Jugular Vein

• Drains the brain as well as most of the other tissue of the head and neck.
External Jugular Vein

• Drains only a small part of the extracranial tissue.
Facial Vein

• Drains into the internal jugular vein.

• Begins at the median corner of the eye with the junction of two veins from the frontal region: supratrochlear vein and supraorbital vein.

• has important tributaries in the oral region:
- superior labial vein drains the upper lip
- inferior labial vein drains the lower lip
- submental vein drains the tissue of the chin as well as the submandibular region
Ophthalmic Veins

• The supraorbital vein also anastomoses with the ophthalmic veins.
Deep Lingual Veins

• One of the 3 veins that drain the oral cavity:
- Dorsal lingual veins drain the dosal surface of the tongue
- Deep lingual veins drain the ventral surface of the tongue
- sublingual veins drain the floor of the mouth

• May drain indirectly into the facial vein or directly into the internal jugular vein.
Lingual Varicosities
Retromandibular Vein

• Will form the external jugular vein from a part of its rout.
• Merger of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
• Emerges from the parotid salivary gland and courses inferiorly
• divides into two branches:
- Anterior - unites with facial vein
- Posterior - join by posterior auricular and becomes external jugular vein
Posterior Auricular Vein

• Drains the lateral scalp posterior to the ear.
• Joins the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein to become the external jugular vein.
Superficial Temporal Vein

• is superficially located and goes on to drain into and form the retromandibular vein, along with the deeper maxillary vein.
Maxillary Vein or Internal Maxillary vein

• deeper than the superficial temporal vein.
• begins in the infratemporal vossa by collecting blood from the pterygoid plexus, accompanying the maxillary artery.

• receives the middle meningeal, posterior superior alveolar, inferior alveolar, and other veins such as those from the nasal cavity and palate (areas served by maxillary artery).

• after receiving these veins, maxillary vein merges with the superficial temporal vein to drain into and form the retromandibular vein.
Pterygoid Plexus of Veins

• Anastomoses with both the facial and retromandibular veins.

• A collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and maxillary artery on each side of the face within the infratemporal fossa.

• Protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication; either filling or emptying, the pterygoid plexus can accommodate changes in volume of the infratemporal fossa that occur when the mandible moves.
Posterior Superior Alveolar Vein

• Formed by the merging of its dental and alveoloar branches.

• Drains into the pterygoid plexus of veins.
Inferior Alveolar Vein

• Forms from the merging of its dental, alveolar, and mental branches in the mandible.
- mental branchs also anastomoses with branches of the facial vein

• Drain into the pterygoid plexus.
A hematoma can result when a posterior superior alveolar block is incorrectly administered with the needle being overinserted and piercing which veins or artery?
• The pterygoid plexus veins and maxillary artery
Venous Sinuses

• located in the meninges in the brain

• are within the dura mater of the brain, a dense connective tissue that lines the inside of the cranium.
Cavernous Sinuses

• The venous sinus most important to dental care.
• located on the lateral surface of the body of the sphenoid bone.

• Each cavernous sinus communicates by anastomoses with the contralateral sinus and also with the pterygoid plesus of veins and superior ophthalmic vein, wich anastomoses with the facial vein

• The internal carotid artery and certain cranial nerves or their branches (III, IV, V1, V2, and VI) pass through this blood-filled space' it is the only anatomic location in which an artery travels completely through a venous structure.
Drainage
Internal Jugular Vein

• Drains most of the tissue of the head and neck.

• Originates in the cranial cavity and leaves the skull through the jugular foramen.

• Receives many tributaries including the veins from the lingual, sublingual and pharyngeal areas as well as the facial vein.
Drainage
External Jugular Vein

• Retromandibular vein becomes the external jugular vein.

• Contiues the descent inferiorly along the neck, terminating in the subclavian vein.

• is the ONLY vein that has valves, which are near its entery into the subclavian vein.
Drainage
Anterior Jugular Vein

• Drains into the external jugular vein (or directly into the subclavian vein) before joining the subclavian vein.

• Begins at chin, decends down cervical area.
Pathways to the heart from the head and neck:
• On each side of the body, the external jugular vein joins the subclavian vein from the arm then the internal jugular vein merges with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

• The bracheocephalic vein units to form the superior vena cava and then travels to the heart.

• Because the superior vena cava is on the right side of the heart, the branchocephalic veins are asymmetric.

• The right brachiovephalic vein is short and vertical. the left brachiocephalic vein is long and horizontal.
What are pathologic changes that can inpact the head and nec kor dental care?
• Narrowing and blockage of the arteries.

• Can be by buildup of fatty plaque and result in atherosclerosis.
What is fatty plaque
• A buildup in the arteries and veins.

• Consists of mainly cholesterol, as well as calcium, clotting proteins, and other substances.

• Results in atherosclerosis
What is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
• Plaque formation with atherosclerosis that occures in the arteries leading to the heart.
What can compromise the blood vessels?
• Certain disease processes such as high blood pressure, infection, trauma, or endocrine pathology.

• These disease processes may lead to vascular lesions, such as a thrombus.
What is a thrombus
• A blood clot that forms on the inner vessel wall.
- can be partially blocking or completely blocking.

• Can become an embolus
What is an embolus?
• A thrombus that has been dislodged from the inner vessel wall and travels.
What is Bacteremia?
• Bacteria traveling in the blood.

• Transient bacteremia can occure with dental treatment and is serios in certain medically compromised patients.
What is a Hemorrhage?
• When a blood vessel is seriously traumatized and large amounts of blood escape into surrounding tissue without clotting.

• A serious, life-threatening vascular lesion.
What is a Hematoma?
• A bruise.

• Results when a blood vessel is injured and a small amount of blood escapes into the surrounding tissue and then clots.
What makes people twice as likely to suffer from CVD, as well as exacerbates existing heart conditions?
• Periodontal disease