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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Each arch contains what? (4 things)

single artery


single cranial nerve


specific set of muscles


specific connective tissue structures

CN of the 1st arch is what?

V (trigeminal)

What other smaller nerves are associated with the 1st arch?

mandibular nerve (CN V sub 3)


maxillary nerve (CN V sub 2)


***Ophthalmic nerve (CN V sub 1)****

What is different about the Ophthalmic nerve (CN V sub 1)?

does NOT innervate a pharyngeal arch but instead innervates tissue

Where is the tissue that the Ophthalmic nerve innervates derived from?

mainly from the frontonasal prominence

CN of the 2nd arch is what?

VII (facial)

CN of the 3rd arch is what?

IX (glossopharyngeal)

CN of the 4th and 6th arches is what?

CN X (vagus)

The 4th arch utilizes what nerve?

superior laryngeal n. (upper branch of vagus n.)

The 6th branch utilizes what nerve?

recurrent laryngeal n. (lower branch of vagus n.)

During there development, each set of muscles migrates from where to where?

from its pharyngeal arch to the mature location of the muscles

Body of the tongue is where?

anterior 2/3rds or in the oral cavity

Root of the tongue is where?

posterior 2/3rds or the oropharynx

Valleculae is what?

depression btw lowest part of tongue and epiglottis immediately behind the tongue

Supraglottic region is what?

region of larynx above the glottis

What is the glottis?

left and right vocal cords plus opening btw them

Infraglottic region is what?

region of larynx below the glottis

Mucosa is made up of what?

moist surface layer of epithelia and


deeper layer of connective tissue

Mucosa covering the body of tongue/oral cavity is derived from what?

ectoderm

Mucosa covering the body of tongue/oral cavity has sensations of what?

has sensations of skin

Mucosa covering everything else has sensations of what?

sensations of viscera

Mucosa covering everything else is derived from what?

endoderm

Mucosa for body of tongue develops how?

part of mandibular prominence and grows over a medial swelling

Innervations of the body of tongue mucosa are what? (2 sensations)

skin - by lingual nerve of V sub 3


taste - by chorda tympani of facial n. (n. invades 1st arch from the 2nd)

What is the development for mucosa of the root of tongue?

3rd arch growing over the 2nd arch

Innervation of the root of tongue mucosa is what?

viscera and taste - nerve of the 3rd arch, glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Development for the valleculae, supraglottic region, and vocal cords is what?

mainly from the 4th arch, and innervated by the n. of that arch (superior laryngeal n.)

Development of the infraglottic region and vocal cords is what?

mainly from the 6th arch, and innervated by the n. of that arch (recurrent laryngeal n.)

Tongue muscles require large amounts of what germ layer?

mesoderm

Muscles of tongue fall into what 2 classes?

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles

Intrinsic muscles of tongue are what? (description)

longer, wider, taller, or reversing these changes

Extrinsic muscles are and do what?

all muscles with "glossus" except for palatoglossus;


move the tongue as a whole

Both classes of tongue muscles arise from where?

occipital somites in the posterior region

Myoblasts of the tongue muscles derive from where and go where?

derive from the occipital somites and migrate to the future location of the tongue

Innervation of the tongue muscles/myoblasts is what?

hypoglossal n. (CN XII) starts in the posterior region and innervates the myoblasts there

Ophthalmic n. (CN V sub 1) innervates structures developing from where?

frontonasal prominence

Maxillary n. (CN V sub 2) innervates structures developing from where?

maxillary prominences

Mandibular n. (CN V sub 3) innervates structures developing from where?

mandibular prominences

Invagination of ectoderm does what?

plays a major role in the formation of the oral and nasal cavity?

Paired nasal placodes are what?

depressions on the caudal, lateral corners of the frontonasal prominence

The paired nasal placodes give rise to what?

olfactory receptor neurons

The receptors from the paired nasal placodes reside where and send fibers where?

reside in the roof of the nasal cavity;


send fibers upward through the cribiform plate to the olfactory bulbs

Medial and lateral nasal prominences deepen into what?

a nasal pit

Lateral nasal prominence contacts the maxillary prominence where?

along a groove from the nasal pit to the primitive eye

The nasolacrimal duct is formed from what?

lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence form a roof over groove btw them

What does the nasolacrimal duct do?

conveys excess fluid from the eye to below the inferior nasal conchae; explains why our noses run when we cry

Left and right medal nasal prominences fuse together to form what?

intermaxillary segment

Intermaxillary segment gives rise

four upper incisors


upper lip superficial to incisors


deep to the incisors, the primary palate

Nasal pit deepens until when?

only the oronasal membrane separates the primitive nasal and oral cavities

oronasal membrane consists of what?

2 layers of ectoderm back to back, with no mesoderm btw the layers

Oronasal chamber cannot develop further and breaks down, resulting in what?

an oronasal chamber

Left and right palatal shelves elevate to become what and form what?

become cephalic to the tongue and fuse to form the secondary palate

Secondary palate forms what?

forms most of the hard palate and all of the soft palate

Incisive foramen canal does what?

marks where three structures meet: primary palate and both palatal shelves

Maxillary nerve innervates what?

both surfaces of the hard and soft palates

Lower lip results from what?

the fusion of the left and right mandibular prominences

Upper lip originates from what? Laterally and medially?

from the structures cephalic to the head fold:




Laterally - maxillary prominences


Medially - intermaxillary segment



What does the medial origin of the upper lip form?

The philitrum of the upper lip

Long forehead and pug nose arise from what?

the frontonasal prominence

How do the eyes relocate from the side of the head to the front?

Brain enlarges faster than the layers anterior to it;


Sides of the head are covered by an upward migration of the posterior parts of the first 2 pharyngeal arches