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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Each arch contains what? (4 things) |
single artery single cranial nerve specific set of muscles specific connective tissue structures |
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CN of the 1st arch is what? |
V (trigeminal) |
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What other smaller nerves are associated with the 1st arch? |
mandibular nerve (CN V sub 3) maxillary nerve (CN V sub 2) ***Ophthalmic nerve (CN V sub 1)**** |
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What is different about the Ophthalmic nerve (CN V sub 1)? |
does NOT innervate a pharyngeal arch but instead innervates tissue |
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Where is the tissue that the Ophthalmic nerve innervates derived from? |
mainly from the frontonasal prominence |
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CN of the 2nd arch is what? |
VII (facial) |
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CN of the 3rd arch is what? |
IX (glossopharyngeal) |
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CN of the 4th and 6th arches is what? |
CN X (vagus) |
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The 4th arch utilizes what nerve? |
superior laryngeal n. (upper branch of vagus n.) |
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The 6th branch utilizes what nerve? |
recurrent laryngeal n. (lower branch of vagus n.) |
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During there development, each set of muscles migrates from where to where? |
from its pharyngeal arch to the mature location of the muscles |
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Body of the tongue is where? |
anterior 2/3rds or in the oral cavity |
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Root of the tongue is where? |
posterior 2/3rds or the oropharynx |
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Valleculae is what? |
depression btw lowest part of tongue and epiglottis immediately behind the tongue |
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Supraglottic region is what? |
region of larynx above the glottis |
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What is the glottis? |
left and right vocal cords plus opening btw them |
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Infraglottic region is what? |
region of larynx below the glottis |
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Mucosa is made up of what? |
moist surface layer of epithelia and deeper layer of connective tissue |
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Mucosa covering the body of tongue/oral cavity is derived from what? |
ectoderm |
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Mucosa covering the body of tongue/oral cavity has sensations of what? |
has sensations of skin |
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Mucosa covering everything else has sensations of what? |
sensations of viscera |
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Mucosa covering everything else is derived from what? |
endoderm |
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Mucosa for body of tongue develops how? |
part of mandibular prominence and grows over a medial swelling |
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Innervations of the body of tongue mucosa are what? (2 sensations) |
skin - by lingual nerve of V sub 3 taste - by chorda tympani of facial n. (n. invades 1st arch from the 2nd) |
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What is the development for mucosa of the root of tongue? |
3rd arch growing over the 2nd arch |
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Innervation of the root of tongue mucosa is what? |
viscera and taste - nerve of the 3rd arch, glossopharyngeal (CN IX) |
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Development for the valleculae, supraglottic region, and vocal cords is what? |
mainly from the 4th arch, and innervated by the n. of that arch (superior laryngeal n.) |
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Development of the infraglottic region and vocal cords is what? |
mainly from the 6th arch, and innervated by the n. of that arch (recurrent laryngeal n.) |
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Tongue muscles require large amounts of what germ layer? |
mesoderm |
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Muscles of tongue fall into what 2 classes? |
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles |
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Intrinsic muscles of tongue are what? (description) |
longer, wider, taller, or reversing these changes |
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Extrinsic muscles are and do what? |
all muscles with "glossus" except for palatoglossus; move the tongue as a whole |
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Both classes of tongue muscles arise from where? |
occipital somites in the posterior region |
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Myoblasts of the tongue muscles derive from where and go where? |
derive from the occipital somites and migrate to the future location of the tongue |
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Innervation of the tongue muscles/myoblasts is what? |
hypoglossal n. (CN XII) starts in the posterior region and innervates the myoblasts there |
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Ophthalmic n. (CN V sub 1) innervates structures developing from where? |
frontonasal prominence |
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Maxillary n. (CN V sub 2) innervates structures developing from where? |
maxillary prominences |
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Mandibular n. (CN V sub 3) innervates structures developing from where? |
mandibular prominences
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Invagination of ectoderm does what? |
plays a major role in the formation of the oral and nasal cavity? |
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Paired nasal placodes are what? |
depressions on the caudal, lateral corners of the frontonasal prominence |
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The paired nasal placodes give rise to what? |
olfactory receptor neurons |
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The receptors from the paired nasal placodes reside where and send fibers where? |
reside in the roof of the nasal cavity; send fibers upward through the cribiform plate to the olfactory bulbs |
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Medial and lateral nasal prominences deepen into what? |
a nasal pit |
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Lateral nasal prominence contacts the maxillary prominence where? |
along a groove from the nasal pit to the primitive eye |
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The nasolacrimal duct is formed from what? |
lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence form a roof over groove btw them |
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What does the nasolacrimal duct do? |
conveys excess fluid from the eye to below the inferior nasal conchae; explains why our noses run when we cry |
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Left and right medal nasal prominences fuse together to form what? |
intermaxillary segment |
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Intermaxillary segment gives rise |
four upper incisors upper lip superficial to incisors deep to the incisors, the primary palate |
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Nasal pit deepens until when? |
only the oronasal membrane separates the primitive nasal and oral cavities |
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oronasal membrane consists of what? |
2 layers of ectoderm back to back, with no mesoderm btw the layers |
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Oronasal chamber cannot develop further and breaks down, resulting in what? |
an oronasal chamber |
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Left and right palatal shelves elevate to become what and form what? |
become cephalic to the tongue and fuse to form the secondary palate |
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Secondary palate forms what? |
forms most of the hard palate and all of the soft palate |
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Incisive foramen canal does what? |
marks where three structures meet: primary palate and both palatal shelves |
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Maxillary nerve innervates what? |
both surfaces of the hard and soft palates |
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Lower lip results from what? |
the fusion of the left and right mandibular prominences |
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Upper lip originates from what? Laterally and medially? |
from the structures cephalic to the head fold: Laterally - maxillary prominences Medially - intermaxillary segment |
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What does the medial origin of the upper lip form? |
The philitrum of the upper lip |
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Long forehead and pug nose arise from what? |
the frontonasal prominence |
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How do the eyes relocate from the side of the head to the front? |
Brain enlarges faster than the layers anterior to it; Sides of the head are covered by an upward migration of the posterior parts of the first 2 pharyngeal arches |