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36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
first main document including health as a human right, 1948
Declaration of Alma-Ata
Comprehensive, integrated primary health care approach effective
As a result document was drafted calling for health by 2000 by means of primary health care
General Comment on Universal Declaration of Human Rights
More specifics on what the right to health means, quality and accessibility, etc...
Social Determinants of Health
Gender Inequality
Poverty
Poor Infrastructure
Access to Health Services
Stigma
Education
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality
Hemorrhage
Eclampsia
Sepsis
Unsafe abortion
Prevention to Maternal Mortality and Morbidity
Improved access to safe abortion services
Improved access to comprehensive essential obstetric care
Tetanus vaccine
Treatment for Iron deficiency
Drugs for preventing malaria
Active management for 3rd stage labor
Magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia
Ca supplement for pregnant women
Antibiotics for vaginosis
Antibiotics for preterm membrane rupture
Traditional Birth attendant
Community based
sought out be women
Low tech
Teaches clean delivery

Limited technical skills
False reassurances
Skilled Birth attendant
Proper training, range of skills

Can:
assess risk factors
recognize onset of complications
observe woman/monitor fetus
perform essential, basic interventions
Can refer to higher level of care if complications arise
HIV/AIDS Prevention
ABC
Needle Exchange
Clean blood supply
Prevent vertical transmission
AIDS risk factor for women
Being married
WHO Breastfeeding recommendations
Begin Immediately
Exclusive for 6 months
Complementary for up to 2 years
40s and 50s movements
emphasis on eradication of disease (malaria, smallpox, etc...)
60s and 70s movements
Emphasis on primary health care
80s and 90s
Selective primary health care, moving into large global health initiatives along with global millenium development goals
Factors leading to increased infectious disease outbreaks
Natural Disasters
Increased trade
Increased travel
Migration of populations
Adaptation of microbes
Viral Chatter
Viruses from animal to human. Continuous transmission before staying with human population before mutation
Disease surveillance elements
Set goal
Define case definition
Select personnel and materials
Implement surveillance activity
Evaluate activity
Leading causes of death between developing and developed world
developed world older age - chronic
developing world younger age - still chronic
Stunting
height for age
low weight
weight for age
Wasting
weight to height
Measure of undernutrition
stunting
underweight
weight to height
low birth
Determinants of undernutrition
poverty
repeated chronic infection
acute infection
Lack of maternal education
Maternal depression and mortality
Lack of a caregiver
Consequences of undernutrition
education, less often, start later
poorly on cognitive tests
less productive adults
more likely to die or get sick
Micronutrient deficiency
Iron - anemia
Connection between poverty and nutrition
reduced undernutrition can reduce poverty
WHO 6 building blocks
Delivery of Services
Medical Equipment, vaccines, technology
Financing
Leadership and Governance
Health Information Systems
Healthcare workforce
5 control knobs
Financing
Payment
Organization
Regulation
Behavior
4 health systems goals
Risk Protection
Health Status
Customer Satisfaction
Efficiency
Characteristics of Chronic Disease
Long latency between exposure to riska nd outbreak
High degree of preventability
Low cure rate, decades of treatment
Considerable co-morbidity
Strong linkage to poverty and development
Child (U5), Infant, Neonatal
Neo - under 28 days
Infant - under 1 year
Child/U5 - under 5 years
Prevention of Child MM
ORT
Antibiotics
Antimalarials
Zinc
Newborn resucitation
Breastfeeding
ITN
Complementary feeding
Flu vaccine
Antiseptic delivery
Water, sanitation, hygiene
Causes of Child Mortality
Pneumonia
Diarrhea
Neonatal (sepsis, pneumonia, pre-term delivery, asphyxia)
Malaria
Other
Leading causes of Neo-natal
Preterm birth
Severe infections
Asphyxia
Tetanus
Congenital abnormalities
Diarrhoeal disease
Other
Cause/Burden of Cancer
Tobacco
Chronic infection in developing countries
Complex array of diet and physical activity factors
Ways global health initiatives have impacted existing health systems
Global health initiatives are speciailized to certain areas and/or diseases so money and energy go towards that and fighting off diseases have been effective. However, when the health system is weak or suffering the GHIs have a negative effect on the system and weakens the system. The selective approach both helps and weakens it.