History Vocab Words; 8Th Grade

Front 1

Afro-Eurasia

Back 1

geographic reagion of Africa, europe & asia; called the old world

Front 2

Age of enlightenment

Back 2

important philosophical movement; 1700's - 1800's; scientific revolutionary to improve government; Voltair, lock, Russeau, Hume

Front 3

Americas

Back 3

north, South, Central called the new world

Front 4

Andes

Back 4

"Atahwolpa" Mountain range in Peru & Chilli, Inkas lived there, high mountains

Front 5

Athenian Democracy

Back 5

everyone had to vote, now we dont, takes too long; they FORCED people to vote

Front 6

Augustus

Back 6

Octavian, most important Roman Empire, after Caesar, name means "Exulted One"

Front 7

Australia

Back 7

penal colony, aboriginal are the people there

Front 8

Aztec Empire

Back 8

Moctezuma or Montezuma is the ruler

Front 9

Baghdad

Back 9

economic & cultural center at Islam; famous for fountains and bringing water out like "magic" from aqueducts from far away

Front 10

Battle of Hastings

Back 10

William the Conqueror defeated Harold; picture with arrow in Harold's eye, William killed him that way; William used viking ships; 1066 is when Battle of Hastings takes place, last time England was conquered

Front 11

Brazil

Back 11

Portuguese, huge, south America: Portuguese colony don't speak Spanish like the rest of South America. Natives still exist today because they ran inland to Amazon River

Front 12

British East India Company

Back 12

set up to trade between great Britain and India; had own army, Opium Wars were led by them

Front 13

Buddhism

Back 13

Eastern philosophy: started in India; meditating = enlightenment; group of Buddhists are spending 3 yrs, 3 months & 3 days in Arizona desert with no contact of speaking of any kind for enlightenment

Front 14

Byzantine Empire

Back 14

(Eastern Roman Empire) (Constantinople) Diocletian was the first ruler. he divided empire into 4, killed Christians because he wanted Paganism

Front 15

Carthage

Back 15

"punic" city colonised by Phoenicians, powerful during roman empires Carthaginians were Punic: Hannibal was the greatest general and spent 15 yrs in Italy fighting. he used Elephants like tanks

Front 16

Cavalry warfare

Back 16

fighting on horseback; faster, higher, moving target, more accurate; people forgot about horseback. Greek fires = flame throwers. good for sea battles (wooden ships)

Front 17

Central Powers

Back 17

Germany, Austria Hungry, Italy know as the Axis group

Front 18

Charlemagne

Back 18

French, Charles the magnificent, grandson of Charles Martel; stopped Islam from spreading all over. dad, Pepin the Short/Fat became king; Charlemagne became first holy Roman emperor

Front 19

Chivalry

Back 19

Code of convect for knights; save damsels in distress, rock stars of medieval times; Sons of lords (2nd or younger) options = monk or knight... Chivalry was way to control knights from hooking up with ladies in waiting

Front 20

Confucianism

Back 20

Confucias (Chinese dude that created confucianism) basic Chinese government

Front 21

Constantine

Back 21

Roman Emperor, divides empire in half; makes capital Constantinople (city of Constantine)

Front 22

Copernicus

Back 22

"scientific revolution" scientist; found sun = center of universe, not Earth; Afraid to publish book in fear of being excommunicated, so he published it on his death bed

Front 23

Czar

Back 23

Russian word for Emperor like Cesar is Roman and Kaiser is German

Front 24

Eastern Roman Empire

Back 24

Bizynteen empire til 1450, 1000 yrs after western roman empire

Front 25

Elite status

Back 25

acceptionally good, have power, military: elite soldier

Front 26

english civil war

Back 26

Cromwell, parlememnt Charles I

Front 27

Glorious Revolution

Back 27

1688, William & Mary become king & queen of England, James II goes away

Front 28

Eurasia

Back 28

Europe, and Asia!!!

Front 29

European colonial rule

Back 29

nations in Europe canqures land, (north & South Americas and Africa)

Front 30

European conquest

Back 30

same thing as the European colonial rule, but with military aspects

Front 31

European opium trade

Back 31

Eurpe = drug dealers

Front 32

Feudal society

Back 32

lord, knights, peasants become cuz threats from vikings starts, ends charlemagne's reign

Front 33

Genghis Khan

Back 33

leaders of Mongols, from Mongolia, grandsom: Kubla Khan; unifies calvory, largest empire in world

Front 34

Goddesses and gods

Back 34

pagan religions; Deities; Diety

Front 35

Great canal of China

Back 35

connected 2 most important rivers, northa dn south rivers

Front 36

Greek city-state

Back 36

Greece, Sparta, Athans, Olympia

Front 37

Gupta Empire

Back 37

ruled India 200AD - 600AD golden age of indian civilization, important things developed, Aryabhatta develops concept of 0, Helicentric Theory of solar system, #s Arabic

Front 38

Hajj

Back 38

religious pilgramage, go to Mecca for Muslims