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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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issued orders to prohibit sati and the castration of eunuchs.
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Aurangzeb
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It is accurate to state that...
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the Osmanli Turks first consolidated their control of the southwestern part of the Anatolian peninsula, given to them by the Seljuks.
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the Ottomans defeated the Serbs, ending Serbian domination of the Balkans.
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Result of battle of Kosovo
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Ottoman artists produced distinctive pottery and glazed tiles at the city of
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Iznik
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The son of Shah Jahan, who killed his brother, imprisoned his father, and then assumed the throne himself, was
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Aurangzeb
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was strongly influenced by Turkish elements within the society.
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Safavid Empire
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The name of the Chinese dynasty established by the Manchus was
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Qing
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claimed that "I think, therefore I am."
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Rene Descartes
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Developed the steam engine
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James Watt
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shi'ite muslims was the unifiying forces
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Safavid Empire
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Safavid Empire reached most glory under
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Shah Abbas I
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mixes culture of nomadic Turks and Iranian farmers
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Safavid Empire
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Janissaries were a part of the _______Empire
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Safavid
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leader in the Battle of Kosovo
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Murad I
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Empire ruled by the Harem
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Ottoman Empire
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Empire tolerant towards Orthodox Christians (Greeks adn Slavs) Jews and Armenian Chrisitans
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Ottoman Empire
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Sunni Muslims were in the _______Empire
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Ottoman Empire
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Lead by Sultans and Caliphs
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Ottoman Empire
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Capital renamed by Ottoman Turks
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Constantinople/Istanbul
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City taken by Mehmet from the Byzantines
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Constantinople/Istanbul
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Cilization who preferred local rulers.
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Ottoman Turks
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Leader of Ottoman Turks
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Osman
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Civilization in Anatolian peninsula
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Ottoman Turks
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Relatively peaceful civilizations
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Ottoman Turks
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Descendant of Tamerlane (Asian conqueror) and Gengis Khan (Mongol)
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Babur
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Founder of Mughal Empire
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Babur
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Many religions combined with emperor having highest authority
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Din-I-ilahi (Divine Faith)
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Gunpowder Empire
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Mughal Empire
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Empire that built the Taj Mahal
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Mughal Empire
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where tiles and pottery were produced
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Iznik
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Old Nicea
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Iznik
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Turkish speaking people from Central Asia
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Uzbeks
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Chief Turkish political and military force
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Uzbeks
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Capital at Bokhara
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Uzbeks
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Location of the Taj Mahal
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Agra
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collected taxes from Calcutta area used to pay for military
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British East India Company
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Built by Shah Jahan to wife Mumtaz Mahal
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Taj Mahal
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Most beautiful building in India
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Taj Mahal
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Location of Humayun's mausoleum
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Agra
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The Ramayana belongs to the_________religion
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Hindu
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Began in the southern Tamil languages
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Ramayana
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Works written by Tulisdas
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Ramayana and Ramcaritmanas
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Muslim practice of isolating and preventing women from associating with men outside the home
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Purdah
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devotional story with a holy Rama and Sita and combined conflicting cults of Vishnu and Shiva in a unified love for the divine
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Ramcaritmanas
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The Purdah was adopted by this group
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upper-class Hindus
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The Purdah empire was mainly used in the _________Empire
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Mughal
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Leader that forbade gambling, drinking and prostitution
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Aurangzeb
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forced Islamic conversions which led to rebellions led by Hindus
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Aurangzeb
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Mughal empire fell under control of__________
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Aurangzeb
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His mother emptied the treasury for luxury and charity projects
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Shah Jahan
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Killed rivals when he came to power
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Shah Jahan
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Built the Taj Mahal
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Shah Jahan
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Son of Humayun
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Akbar
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Took over much of subcontinent because of heavy artillery, negotiations, and siege warfare.
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Akbar
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Tolerant of religions
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Akbar
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strengthened central control of India, but only wanted to be happy (meat and wine)
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Jahangir
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Son of Akbar
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Jahangir
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court falls under influence of one of his wives
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Jahangir/Nur-Jahan
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Founder of the Safavid Empire.
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Ismail
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Pronounced self shah of a new Persian state.
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Ismail
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Sent shi’ite preachers into Anatolia which led to a rebellion among ottoman turks.
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Ismail
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Lost Tabriz to Selim (ottoman) but got it back
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Ismail
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Built military of Janissaries
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Murad I
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Consolidated empire in the Balkans and set up capital at Edirne
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Murad I
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Orkhan I
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leader of the Ottoman Empire
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Dominate Balkans and became Sultan
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Orkhan I
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ruled by the Manchu
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Qing Dynasty
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“Pure Dynasty”
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Qing Dynasty
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Civilization with the Bannermen
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Qing Dynasty
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Chinese patron of the arts
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Emperor Kangxi
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Greatest ruler in China
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Emperor Kangxi
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Chinese ruler that was tolerant of Dominicans, Franciscans and Jesuits
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Emperor Kangxi
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Jesuits reached their height and were most influential during his rule
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Emperor Kangxi
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Small island of Japan where Dutch were allowed to partake in limited trade
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Nagasaki
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Island that was like a prison for its inhabitants
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Nagasaki
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island that was the only foreign trade for Japan
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Nagasaki
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Tokugawa shogunate gave more restrictions to ________class
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Women--especially Samurai
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Women in this society had to obey her husband or face death
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Tokugawa Shogunate
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Noble women in Tokugawa became________or ________to make husbands look good
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poets or painters
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Where families of the daimyo were held hostage to keep daimyo loyal
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Edo/Tokyo
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Only self proclaimed shogun
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Center of Tokugawa Shogunate power
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Edo/Tokyo
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3rd of 3 great unifiers-- most powerful and long lasting of the shogunates
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Tokugawa Ieyasu
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Small territory that was given to Portuguese from Chinese officials as a trade city
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Macao
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It settled the boundary dispute resulted in regular trade between Russia and china
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Treaty of Nerchinsk
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Treaty of Nerchinsk was achieved with help of____________
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Jesuit missionaries
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1st Jesuit missionary
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Francis Xavier
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He was able to convert some local diaymo
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Francis Xavier
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decline due to weak rulers (corruption, concentration of land ownership) and peasant rebellions.
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Ming Dynasty
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1st Chinese novel appeared in this dynasty
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Ming Dynasty
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Blue and White Porcelain is from______
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The Ming Dynasty
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Dynasty that had an alliance with Manchus
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Ming Dynasty
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"Bright Dynasty"
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Ming Dynasty
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Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang in a peasant rebellion
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Ming Dynasty
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Primary fighting force of Qing.
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Bannermen
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Bannermen were made up of_____
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All Manchu people (excluding nobles) were assigned land and military units
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Bannermen were put into_____
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Separate units in various strategic positions throughout China
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territory expansion into central Asia and toward Vietnam. spread influence into Indian Ocean but stopped to focus on domestic affairs
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Ming Dynasty
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Grew up as a farmer's son and later changed his name to embellish his reputation as a provider
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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Moved Japanese capital to Osaka
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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Persuaded the daimyo in Japan to accept authority/currency
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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Expelled Christianity from Japan
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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2 of 3 great unifiers of Tokugawa Japan
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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Led peasant revolt becuase he lost his job as a postal worker due to job cuts
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Li Zicheng
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Overthrew the Ming Dynasty but didn't last (Manchus take over)
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Li Zicheng
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states divided into separate territories(domains)
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Han
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Han was ruled by____
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250 Daimyo
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Direct subordinates to shogunate
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Fudai (inside) daimyo
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Larger and had more independence. More distant from the center of shogunate power in Edo
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Tozama (outside) daimyo
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Carefree revelers enjoying the pleasures of life in the entertainment quarter
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"The Floating World"
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Some Japanese daughters were sent here
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"The Floating World"
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States were divided into the han during ___________
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"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
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coalition of daimyo and a council of elders
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"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
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more centralized government
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Bakufu
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Changes to Samurai system (farmers ceased to be warrior class and moved to castle towns)
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"Great Peace" of the Tokugawa Shogunate
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seized capital of Kyoto and placed reigning shogun under his control.
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Oda Nobunaga
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First of 3 great unifiers of Tokugawa Japan
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Oda Nobunaga
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Killed by his general in 1582
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Oda Nobunaga
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Consolidated rule by defeating rivals and suppressing power of Buddhist estates.
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Oda Nobunaga
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“I think therefore I am”
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Rene Descartes
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Thought that our existence should be set aside everything and begin again
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Rene Descartes
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Only accepted what reason said was true
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Rene Descartes
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First European observations of heavens with telescope
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Galileo
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Cartesian(absolute) dualism. Using reason to understand material world = machine governed by physical laws because it was created by God (the great geometrician)
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Rene Descartes
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separation of mind(can’t be doubted) and matter (doubt body and material)
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Rene Descartes
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Discovered mountains on the moon, four moons around Jupiter, and sunspots
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Galileo
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Found that the Universe was(perfect and unchanging substance) wasn’t material similar to earth
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Galileo
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He wrote The Starry Messenger which made Europeans see a new picture of universe.
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Galileo
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War aka French and Indian War
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Seven Years' War
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This happened because of a rivalry between French and British
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Seven Years' War
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economic practices 17th century. prosperity of nation depended on supply of gold and silver=> favorable balance of trade.
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Mercantilism
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World’s greatest colonial power.
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Britain
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The British got these lands in the Seven Years' War
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Acquired Canada, lands east of the Mississippi, Florida and India. Louisiana territory to the Spanish
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Gov’t should set regulations to promote exports
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Mercantilism
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city where British General Cornwallis was forced to surrender to the French and American army and the French fleet under George Washington
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Yorktown
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The Declaration of Independence was approved by__________-
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The Second Continental Congress
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The Declaration of Independence was written by___________
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Thomas Jefferson
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Affirmed the Enlightenments natural rights: “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
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The Declaration of Independence
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This made the colonies independent states
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The Declaration of Independence
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This started the American Revolution
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The Declaration of Independence
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Frederick the Great
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Frederick II of Prussia
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Knew Enlightenment ideas and had Voltaire live at his court
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Frederick II of Prussia
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Enlarged army and kept watch over bureaucracy. Abolished torture except for treason and murder and granted limited freedom of speech, press and complete religious tolerance.
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Frederick II of Prussia
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One of the most educated and cultured monarchs of 18th century.
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Frederick II of Prussia
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King = first servant of state
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Frederick II of Prussia
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Did everything to help reason. drastic reform program: no serfdom,
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Joseph II of Austria
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Abrogated the death penalty and established the principle of equality of all before the law.
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Joseph II of Austria
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Drastic religious reforms and complete toleration. alienated nobility (free serfs) and church (attacks on the basic establishment). successors undid many reforms
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Joseph II of Austria
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intelligent ruler, familiar with philosophes and favored enlightened reforms.
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Catherine the Great
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Invited Diderot to outline a political/financial reform but was skeptical.
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Catherine the Great
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Considered a new law—recognize legal equality for all, but did nothing
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Catherine the Great
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Knew that successors needed the support of the nobility so exempted them from taxes => bad conditions for peasants => rebellion led by Emelyan Pugachev spread across S Russia but didn’t last. captured, tortured, and executed=> greater measures against peasants.
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Catherine the Great
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Successor to Peter the Great. territory expansion
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Catherine the Great
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the French parliamentary body that met with Louis XVI when the gov’t was close to financial collapse.
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the Estates-General
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Representatives form the 3 orders of French society. The first estate (clergy) and the second estate (nobility) had about 300 representatives
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the Estates-General
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Worked with National Assembly to deal with the domestic French problems.
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Committee of Public Safety
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Revolutionary courts protected the Republic from its internal enemies(guillotine). Decided to make an example of the city of Lyons (defied authority of National Assembly)
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Committee of Public Safety
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Third estate angry at 1st estate wanting to vote by order (estate) so they created the “National Assembly” and drew up a constitution(first step in French revolution) and then proceed to grant more rights to lower class
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the Estates-General
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Thought the geocentric system didn’t go with observed motion of planets
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Copernicus
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Geocentric theory- universe = series of concentric shapes with motionless earth at center
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Ptolemaic view of the universe
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Composed of material substance the earth was constantly changing the crystalline spears(transparent substance) circular orbits
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Ptolemaic view of the universe
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Ten heavenly bodies: moon, Mercury, Venus, sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the fixed stars. 9th instructed to 8th of the fixed stars its daily motion. The 10th moved itself and led motion to other spears.
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Ptolemaic view of the universe
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Beyond was Empyrean Heaven—God and saved souls.
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Ptolemaic view of the universe
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His ideas threatened Scripture/ made heavens a world of matter instead of Spiritual place
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Copernicus
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Didn’t reject idea that heavenly spears move in circular orbits.
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Copernicus
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Developed the Heliocentric (motionless sun-centered) theory. Planets revolved around sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
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Copernicus
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Newton's First major work
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Newton's Principia
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Universe seen as 1 regulated machine—operates according to natural laws in absolute time, space and motion.
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Newton's Principia
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Demonstrated that 1 universal law explains all motion in universe and it governed politics, economics, justice, and religion.
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Newton's Principia
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Defined 1st 3 laws of motion that govern planets & objects on earth. Universal law of gravitation explained why planets don’t go in lines but elliptical orbits around sun. Gravity attracts all objects in universe. Newton’s world-machine:
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Newton's Principia
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Dominated until Einstein’s concept of relativity
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Newton's Principia
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Force for political and social change in 1700s
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the Enlightenment
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Movement those who were impressed w/ accomplishments of Scientific Revolution
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the Enlightenment
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People free of tradition (especially religious) and had rational outlook.
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the Enlightenment
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Inspired by Newton and Locke.
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the Enlightenment
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French term: the intellectuals of Enlightenment
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Philosophes
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literary people, professors, journalists, economists, political scientists, and Social Reformers. nobility and middle class and some lower-middle class.
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Philosophes
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Wanted to change world with reason and rational criticism which applied to everything including religion and politics.
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Philosophes
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Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot.
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Philosophes
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The Spirit of the Laws compared gov’ts, applied scientific method to establish natural laws governing social & political relationships
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Montesquieu
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3 kinds of gov’t: republic, monarchy (England), and despotism.
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Montesquieu
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His ideas were in the U.S. Constitution
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Montesquieu
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His ideas stated that the government should have three basic functions: protect society from invasion (army), defend citizens from injustice (police), and keep up certain pubic works, such as roads and canals that private individuals could not afford
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Adam Smith
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one of the founders of modern economics
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Adam Smith
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Idea from Adam Smith that the government should leave the economy alone and have no regulations.
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laissez-faire
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Essay Concerning Human Understanding
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John Locke
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people were born with a tabula rasa (blank mind). Molded by environment (perception)
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John Locke
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new society by changing environment and having proper influences
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John Locke
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