Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Presidential Reconstruction
When: 1863-66 Where: DC |
Who:
Lincoln / Johnson What: An attempt at quickly reuniting the country. Why: This phase addressed how secessionist Southern states would return to the Union, (Reconstruction vs Restoration) and what the civil status of the leaders of the Confederacy would be. (Punishment vs Amnesty) |
|
|
Wade-Davis Bill
When: 1864 Where: DC |
Who:
Congress: Benjamin Wade / Henry Davis What: A bill in passed in contrast to Lincoln's 10% plan. Why: It shows Congress' intent to gain power by putting themselves in charge of reconstruction & making it nearly impossible for successionist to "come back" into the union. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill which sparked his last public address where Lincoln stated that the states had "never left the union". |
|
|
Freedman's Bureau
When: 1865 Where: The South / DC (War Department) |
Who:
Andrew Johnson (Congress/Freed Slaves) What: An organization to assimilate freed slaves. Why: It was the FIRST effort to help out the newly freed African Americans; the first effort at social welfare. |
|
|
Sharecropping
When: 1870s-1890s Where: The South |
Who:
Farmers / "Freed" Slaves What: Initially, an attempt at a mutually profitable labor tenancy plan Why: It kept "freed" slaves in a sort of pseudo-slavery with (more often than not) corrupt landlords leading them into a corrupt crop-lien system and tying them down to debt cycle. AND tremendously damaging the environment. |
|
|
13th Amendment
When: 1865 Where: The US |
Who:
Lincoln/Congress/Union What: An amendment following the civil war Why: Ratification of the 13th amendment abolished slavery throughout the union. |
|
|
14th Amendment
When: 1866 / 68 Where: The US |
Who:
President / Congress / States What: An amendment to remove all doubt of constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act Why: 1.Reaffirms state / federal citizenship. 2. Forbids STATE to deprive any PERSON of life, liberty, or property. 3. Forbids the denial of any person, the equal protection of the law. |
|
|
15th Amendment
When: 1870 Where: The US |
Who:
President / Congress / States What: An amendment that states were required to ratify before re-admission to the Union. Why: Forbids states to deny any person the right to vote on ground of color, race, or previous condition of servitude. |
|
|
Jim Crow
When: 1876 - 1965 Where: The South |
Who:
White Elites ("Jim Crow": inspired by traveling entertainer) What: state / local laws in US Why: - mandated racial segregation in public places - found their way into every area of southern life by way of the 14th Amendment "loophole" -"any STATE"… establishing "separate but equal" status for AA |
|
|
KKK (ku klux klan)
When: 1866 Where: Tennessee --> the South |
Who:
racist white thugs What: (kuklos = greek: circle / "circle of brothers") - social club turned terrorist organization - advocates of white supremacy & nationalism Why: Used intimidation tactics and violence to scare AA / White Republicans away from polls... |
|
|
PBS Pinchback
When: 1872 Where: Louisiana |
Who:
AA Politician What: Governor Why? First AA Governor |
|
|
First Presidential Impeachment
page 717 When: 1868 Where: DC |
Who:
Andrew Johnson What: Republican-Dominated House trying to get rid of Johnson Why: Johnson deliberately violated the "Tenure of Office Act". (fired sec. of war Edwin Stanton) Resulting in a trial that fell 1 vote short of 2/3 majority needed to remove Johnson. Though failure to remove Johnson sucked for Radical Republican morale / support - Johnson did agree not to obstruct Reconstruction. |
|
|
Mississippi Plan
page 757 When: 1890 Where: Mississippi |
Who:
MS / Black Voters What: Plan to revoke AA vote Why? Set a pattern of voting requirements, (residency, crime conviction, taxes paid, literacy test) that made their way to 7 other states, disqualifying a vast majority of AA vote. |
|
|
Compromise of 1877
page 735 When: 1877 Where: DC |
Who:
Hayes / Tilden What: Confusion over electoral victory (leading to the formation of Electoral Commission) Why? The Compromise: If Hayes would pull the troops out of the South, then he wins… Led to the end of Reconstruction, leaving AA to fend for themselves. |
|
|
Lakota Sioux
page 771 When: 1876 Where: Montana, Wyoming, S. Dakota, Nebraska |
Who:
Sitting Bull What: Lakota Chief (Sioux = French: Enemy) Why? Led the "Sioux"… "Great Sioux War", "Battle of Little Big Horn", etc |
|
|
Georgia Armstrong Custer
page 771 When: Starting in 1874 Where: All around the North US |
Who:
A reckless glory-seeking officer that led many attacks against the Indians and was madly in love with his wife. What: Lt. Colonel Why: - Youngest General in History - Most successful calvary officer (7th Calvary) - Died at Little Big Horn |
|
|
Battle of Little Bighorn
page 771 When: 6 - 25 - 1876 Where: Montana |
Who:
Custer, Reno, Benteen, Natives What: Battle against "Savage" Indian Presence (Basically) Why? - Biggest victory ever for Natives - Largest Military event post-civil war - Custer… Died |
|
|
Geronimo
page 772 When: 1886 Where: SW US (New Mexico) |
Who:
Apache Chief What: Captured Native American (Apache - brutal tormentors.. "Apache don't play") Why? - His capture virtually ended the Indian Wars |
|
|
Wounded Knee
page 773 When: 1890 Where: S. Dakota |
Who:
Lakota What: A bloodbath Why? An accidental rifle discharge led to the death of 250 natives (who had come to surrender) and 25 soldiers |
|
|
Dawes Severalty Act
page 775 When: 1887 Where: Indian Reservations |
Who:
Senator Henry Dawes (MA) What: The fruition of "americanizing" reformation acts Why? An attempt to "reform" indians by making them citizens and granting them land… Destroying what was left of Native American culture |
|
|
"The Significance of the Frontier in American History"
page 782 When: 1893 Where: America |
Who:
Frederick Jackson Turner What: "frontier thesis" - a paper delivered to the American Historical Association in Why? Turner claimed that the non-existence of a large area of free land to be discovered, plundered, settled, etc - marked the end of the first period of American History |
|
|
Growth in Industrialization
page 786 - 796ish When: 1870s - 1890s Where: America |
Who:
The United States What: Boom of Econ, Agriculture, Industry, & Big Business in Why? Led to.. - 2nd Industrial Revolution - Rise of Big Business - Massive Labor Force - Labor Unions: - Regulations/Rules |
|
|
Robber Barons
page 793 When: 1960s - 1900s Where: Chicago (Railroad) centered |
Who:
Jay Gould - Cornelius Vanderbilt Andrew Carnegie - J P Morgan John D Rockefeller - Thomas Edison What: the guys in control via having most money "captains of industry" Why? They were the builders and investors of American business and industry |
|
|
Nancy Greene
When: 1893 Where: Chicago World's Fair |
Who:
one of first wealthy AA What: Famous pancake recipe writer Why? uhm… Aunt Jemima's Pancake syup! :) oh, and it shows a turn of time of sorts with her being one of the first few wealthy AAs but as a woman at that. |
|
|
Knights of Labor
page 809 When: 1869 - 1880s Where: Philadelphia |
Who:
Uriah Stephens What: one of the first and the BIGGEST labor union (bc anyone could join) Why? Endorsed reform for child labor laws, equal pay women/men, mechanics' lien laws, 8-hour work day, paper currency. Boycotts - over strikes. Decline after failure of railroad strike in 1886 |
|
|
"How the other half lives"
page 943 When: 1890 Where: Northern Industrialized Cities |
Who:
Author Jacob Riis What: Article written to expose NYC slum conditions Why? This article exposes the horrid living and working conditions (northern debt peonage = southern sharecropping) |
|
|
Jane Addams / Hull House
When: 1889 Where: Chicago |
Who:
teacher of americanization What: "Launching Pad" for future women reformation Why? Established the first "settlement house" for assimilating AA… Looks a hell of a lot like Xaviers School for gifted children (xmen) |
|
|
Second Mississippi Plan
When: 1890 Where: MS |
Who:
State Legislature What: poll tax / literacy tests / grandfather clause Why? continuation of jim-crow like shenanigans to prevent AA suffrage |
|
|
Henry Grady
When: 1893 Where: Atlanta GA |
Who:
editor of Atlanta Constitution What: sought to promote N. invest in S. Why? Promoted idealistic "New South" - working hand-in-hand with former slaves, providing a peaceful enthusiastic workforce. |
|
|
Booker T Washington
page 762 When: 1895 Where: Tuskegee |
Who:
Founder of the Tuskegee Institute What: AA "Fighter of Adversity" Why? "the atlanta compromise" - as dubbed by Dubois was booker's speech that basically said to compromise and work industry jobs |
|
|
W E B Dubois
page 763 When: 1895 Where: America |
Who:
First AA Harvard Grad What: AA "Fighter of Adversity" - against booker Why? virulently opposed bookers view… wanting total equality now… vs later. later, he was a founding member of NAACP |
|
|
Plessy vs Ferguson
page 759 When? 1896 Where? New Orleans |
Who?
Homer Plessy (Octaroon) (1/8 AA) What? S.Court case over race-separated rail cars Why? Established "Separate but equal" rubric |
|
|
Pendleton Act
page 872 When? 1883 Where? DC |
Who?
Chester Arthur / Mugwumps What? An act to change the way elections worked Why? Got rid of the existing "spoils system" (popular president win, "to the victor goes the spoils") established "merit system" in government. |
|
|
Grover Cleveland
page 874 When? President in 1885 Where? DC |
Who?
Reform Candidate What? Democrat w/ Illegitimate Son Why? - vetoed many self-serving bills - "though the people support the government, the government should not support the people" - made the issue of tariff reform central to politics |
|
|
Interstate Commerce Act / ICC
page 876 When? 1887 Where? DC |
Who?
Cleveland What? Independent Federal Regulatory Commission Why? it was the first group appointed to see to it that government regulations/rules were being enforced… the ICC made sure that all freight cars were "reasonable and just" and that no secret deals/lobbying/bribery of gov were taking place |
|
|
The Influence of Sea Power
When? 1890 Where? DC I'm sure... |
Who?
Mahan - Navy Guy What? A book on the correlation between strong navy - successful country Why? Inspired Congress - who went and built an entire fleet (the white fleet) of navy ships… white ships = fail |
|
|
Populist Party
When? 1892 Where? DC... |
Who?
James Weaver / Farmers Co-op What? A 3rd party Why? - anti-monopoly - farmers protection - popular control of gov - SUB TREASURY PLAN (store crop in government storage, farmer - can borrow against its worth… doesnt happen) |
|
|
Spanish-American War
When? 1898 Where? Cuba / US |
Who?
President McKinley What? fairly small war… US got involved to defend cuba (whoopin spanish ass) Why? - Emergence of teddy roosevelt - need for canal (panama) - US gained puerto rico, guam, phillippines (cuba = protectorate) |
|
|
Open Door / Boxer Rebellion
When? 1899 Where? China / US |
Who?
McKinley / Chinese / Hayes What? China's plea for independence Why? made us friends with china.. even though we were forced by treaty to aid EU troops |
|
|
Victoria Woodhull
When? 1872 Where? Born in Ohio |
Who?
first female presidential candidate What? advocate for "free love" and "total equality" (women's rights) Why? while her name wasn't actually on the ballot, and she didn't receive any electoral / popular votes… she was the first woman to run for president, with an AA as her VP |
|
|
Progressivism
When? 1903 - 1920 (The Progressive Era) Where? The US |
Who?
mostly, white middle-class educated men (contrary to women/AA initial thought) What? a self proclaimed "stability-seeking" group (tired of the market fluctuation) Why? 1) catalysts for the emergence of new government concepts 2) women emerged as the "key to change" - universal suffrage |
|
|
(10 days: Essay Question)
How did the assassination of President William McKinley unexpectedly change America? |
President William McKinley's death unexpectedly changed America by elevating Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt to an "accidental" presidency, laying the foundation for the nation's transformation from a "rural republic" to it's emergence as a world power in the 20th century.
|
|
|
NWA / NAWSA
When? 1862 / 1869 Where? America |
Who?
old school / new womens activists What? fought for womens suffrage rights Why? reserved / hardcore - hardcore demands / protests / strikes for rights |
|
|
Margaret Sanger
When? 1915 Where? Chicago / NY? |
Who?
founder of national BC league What? fought illegal status of discussing BC Why? paved the way for women to have a say in whether they had children… "the pill" finally made legal in 1961 (just prior to her death) |
|
|
Ida B Welles
When? 1890s Where? Tennessee |
Who?
AA author What? Editor of "free speech & headlight" Why? - Helped found Negro Fellowship League - fought to cast light on "lynchings" - helped WEB found NAACP - fought for black civil / political rights until death |
|
|
Progressive Amendments
When? 1913 - 1920 Where? Washington |
Who?
Wilson / Congress / States What? 16th: income tax 17th: direct election of senators 18th: prohibition 19th: women's suffrage Why? - enabled more government action - furthered "true" democracy - nascar / the mob / showed women's power even w/out vote - gave women a legit pols. voice |
|
|
The Jungle
When? 1906 Where? Northern Industrialized Cities |
Who?
Upton Sinclair What? wrote a book to expose the plight of immigrant workers Why? What the hell's in my hamburger? - Pure Food & Drug Act AND Meat Inspection Act |
|
|
Robert LaFollette
When? 1901 - 1906 Where? Wisconsin |
Who?
Progressive Republican Robert LaFollette What? radical progressive reform: the idea that… the involvement of specialists (institutions enacted by voters) in law, economics, and social and natural sciences = most effective government Why? - direct primary - regulated RR - merit system (limiting lobbyists) |
|
|
Oregon System
When? 1901 Where? Oregon... |
Who?
Oregon Direct Legislation League What? Initiative / Referendum / Recall Why? A form of "direct government" giving people more of a say in laws / elections - Initiative: people proposing laws - referendum: legislators asking citizens opinion - recall: the ability for citizens to pull people out of office / laws out of legislation |
|
|
Theodore Roosevelt
When? 1901 - 1909 Where? Washington |
Who?
McKinley's VP elevated to Pres. after Mckinley's assassination in 1901 What? Progressive President trustbuster conservationist et cetera Why? laid the foundation for the nation's transformation from a "rural republic" to it's emergence as a world power in the 20th century. im teddy damnit |
|
|
Election of 1912
When? 1912 Where? DC |
Who?
Taft: Repub Wilson: Demo Progressive: Roosevelt (bull moose) What? Presidential Election Why? - split in Republican vote = weakest Republican effort in history. - only election: third-party candidate received more popular votes than 1 of major-party - wilson won, easily |
