History Of Visual Communications 2 (Test 1)

Front 1

The Zeitgeist Made Flesh

Back 1

the same idea occurred separately around Earth at the same time. it refers to the fact that the automaton was invented simultaneously by the Japanese and the Europeans despite their isolation from each other.

Front 2

Origin of the species- Charles Darwin

Back 2

- evolution is accidental, not qualitative

- not based on what is objectively "best", just what happens to survive

- "social darwinism" is not real darwinism because it is qualitative, based on people's idea of the ideal person

Front 3

Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas

Back 3

- all great things occur away from glory and the marketplace

- work alone, dont worry about recognition

- "progress" is a false idea

-man does not/should not strive for happiness

-live in the moment be happy with what you have

Front 4

Positivism

Back 4

belief that science can solve all problems

Front 5

Militarism

Back 5

belief that the military can/should run things

Front 6

ideaology

Back 6

--a system of ideas and ideals

--the science of ideas; the study of their origin and nature

Front 7

dialectic

Back 7

the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions.

Front 8

progress

Back 8

--forward or onward movement toward a destination

-- advance or development toward a better, more complete, or more modern condition

Front 9

Back 9

Jacques-Louis David

Antoine-Laurent et Marie-AnneLavoisier

1788oil on canvas

turn to seriousness after frivilous rococo

everything in foreground, no spatial/visual hierarchy

restrained color, neatly blocked in

Front 10

Back 10

Jacques-Louis David

The Oath of the Horatii1784

modeled after ancient sculpture

related to ideals of french revolution, reflecting stoicism of rome

propaganda, message of opposition to royalty

everything in foreground

Front 11

Back 11

Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat 1793

spatial compression

flat bg

sculptural figure

propaganda, depicts murder of a revolutionary, viewers r supposed to feel outraged

Front 12

characteristics of classical painting

Back 12

smooth/flat brushwork

emphasis on neat craftsmanship

emphasis on line

emotional restraint

sculptural

"republican" virtues (stoicism, masculinity, patriotism, reason)

Front 13

Back 13

Jacques-Louis David The Death of Socrates

left to right flat composition

socrates appears defiant, dignified, points upward

Front 14

Back 14

Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard Pass

painted from fake models, imagined scene

flat, sculptural

boldness is a throwback to baroque

depicts napoleon like an action hero

Front 15

Back 15

Jacques-Louis David Madame Récamier

furniture supposed to look roman

idealizing roman aesthetic

flat bg, blocked colors, etc

Front 16

Back 16

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres M. Philibert Rivière

smiling, the "smile of reason"

dark features, in opposition to german royalty

slightly abstracted through flat blocked colors

Front 17

Back 17

Ingres Napoléon I

gaudy, KITSCH

napoleon looks like a god, ridiculous and ostentatious

Front 18

Back 18

Gilbert Stuart George Washington

not idealized like napoleon

more realistic

portrayed like an everyman

Front 19

Back 19

Rembrandt PealeThomas Jefferson

flat bg

depth of emotion expressed subtly

Front 20

Back 20

Ingres Louis-François Bertin

WELP

Front 21

Back 21

Henry Darby Henry Clay

old dude

Front 22

steam

Back 22

first man made energy source

Front 23

technology is created....

Back 23

...when science is applied to something practical

Front 24

Back 24

Jacques de Vaucanson and Joseph Marie Jacquard

Jacquard Loom

used for making patterned fabric

utilizes hand-punched cards that store information

considered ancestor of computers

Front 25

Back 25

Charles, Third Earl of Stanhope

All-iron Printing Press

Required one-tenth the manual forcerequired on a wooden press

first real innovation in printing presses

Front 26

Back 26

Friedrich Koenig

First Steam-Powered Printing Press

Caused the speed of printing to skyrocketwhile the price dropped considerably

Front 27

Back 27

Otto Mergenthaler

Model 5 Linotype

allowed newspapers to get longer

made them cheaper and more accesible

Front 28

photography

Back 28

phos + graphé (drawing with light)

Front 29

analog photography

Back 29

FROZEN LIGHT

the light touches the subject, then the chemicals which freeze the image in place. the light actually touched the picture.

Front 30

digital photography

Back 30

the image is converted to 0s and 1s

Front 31

Back 31

camera obscura-- "dark room"

original was a real darkroom with a projector

it evolved to be more portable.

vermeer used one of these

Front 32

Back 32

Camera Lucida ("lucy")

gives the illusion that an image is projected on paper

uses a prism to look through

not a true camera

Front 33

Back 33

Charles Richard MeadeLouis Jacques Mandé Daguerre

Daguerre invented daguerrotypes which used mercury fumes on metal plates to create images

Front 34

Back 34

William Henry Fox TalbotThe Open Door

Talbot was the first to use negatives

Front 35

newspapers and photography

Back 35

newspapers would have illustrators make printable versions of photos until a way was developed to transfer photos to a reproducible mechanical process.

this led to the rise of PHOTOJOURNALISM

Front 36

Back 36

Honoré Daumier“Nadar elevates photography to the level of art,”

he sure does

Front 37

Back 37

Mathew BradyDunker Church and the Dead

war photography!!

bodies in war photography were posed to look neat and heroic not bloody and disgusting, so people would not realize the truth of the battles and advocate for an end to the war

Front 38

Back 38

Eadward Muybridge Plate published in The Horse in Motion

Sequence photography provedthe ability of graphic images to record time-and-space relationships. Movingimages became a possibility

Front 39

ukiyo-e 浮世絵

Back 39

"the floating world"

Front 40

Back 40

Hishikawa MoronobuYoung Man with Two Courtesans

Moronobu is considered the first master of theUkiyo-e print.

Front 41

Back 41

Kitagawa UtamaroPortrait of a Courtesan

“The supreme poet of the Japanese print”

Front 42

Back 42

Katsushika HokusaiPage from Shimpen Suiko Gaden

linework gives impression of textures

emotion very theatrical

reminiscent of Kabuki

theatre, literature, and vis. art coming together in Ukiyo-e

Front 43

Back 43

Katsushika HokusaiSouth Wind, Clear Dawn

abstract, stylized, minimalist, graphic

points toward western abstraction

gradient

Front 44

Back 44

Ando HiroshigeEvening Snow at Kanbara

hiroshige's ability to capture transient moments in a landscape inspired the impressionists

Front 45

Back 45

Ando HiroshigeEvening Squall at Great Bridge Near Atake

Front 46

Back 46

Hiroshige (scene of commerce in tokyo)

use of western style perspective

black outlines hint at future comic style

Front 47

Back 47

Hiroshige

dymanic use of diagonals/geometry

blue figures break up the foreground

Front 48

Back 48

John H. Bufford’s Sons “Swedish Song Quartet” poster

extra colors produced by overlapping printed colors

Front 49

Back 49

S.S. Frizzal (artist) and J.H. Bufford’s Sons(printers)

poster for the Cleveland andHendricks presidential campaign, 1884

Front 50

Back 50

Forst, Averell & Co.

poster for theHoe printing press, 1870.

“This press made mass editions ofchromolithographs possible.”

Front 51

Back 51

L. Prang and Company and others

1880 through early 1890s Chromolithographed labels

people began to collect labels, "beautiful art bits"

middle class showing off that they could buy things

expression of period's love of sentimentalism

sometimes referred to as "scraps", hence SCRAPBOOKING!!

Front 52

Back 52

Walter CraneEnglishPage from Walter Crane’s Absurd A.B.C.

absurdity, good for kids

big letters, bright colors

Front 53

Back 53

Thomas EakinsThe Agnew Clinic

illustrates changing times via the woman nurse and the anesthesiologist

complex composotion

you can see all the dudes in the bg!!

Front 54

Back 54

Thomas EakinsThomas Eakins and Male Nudesat the Site of “Swimming”

there wasnt nude modeling or bathing suits, so reference pics were taken when people went swimming

Front 55

Back 55

Thomas EakinsSwimming

eakins took multiple references,

Front 56

Back 56

Thomas EakinsMotion Studies

Front 57

Back 57

Edgar Degas Diego Martelli

compositions are becoming more advanced

degas combines bright impressionist color as well as flat shapes and line precision of japanese prints

Front 58

Back 58

Edgar DegasLa La at the Cirque Fernando, Paris

asymetrical composition

model for the pose

bright colors etc

Front 59

Back 59

Edgar DegasHorses on the Course at Longchamp

we can tell that degas used a picture reference because of the detail on the things in the far bg

Front 60

Back 60

Auguste RenoirLuncheon of the BoatingParty

talkin about those young french hipsters

dressed very working class and modern

celebrating the activities of the young people

Front 61

Back 61

Claude MonetLe Pont de l’Europe, Gare St.-Lazare

Front 62

Back 62

Louis Ducos du HauronAngoulême, France

Three-color Carbon Print

Front 63

Japonisme

Back 63

Western mania for all things Japanese

Front 64

Back 64

Randolph Caldecott English Illustration from Hey Diddle Diddle

sense of theabsurd, exaggeration of movement and facial expressions

political things were often masked by absurdity

"satire censored would be absurd"

Front 65

Back 65

After A.H. Wald, “visual journalist”Wood engraving cover for Harper’s Weekly

photojournalism, dramatization gives audience visual evidence of historic events. more accessible newspapers

Front 66

Back 66

Thomas NastPolitical cartoon from Harper’s Weekly

Nast popularized images of Santa Claus, John Bull, the Democratic donkey, theRepublican elephant, Uncle Sam, and Columbia. Lincoln called him “thebest recruiting sergeant.”

Front 67

Back 67

Charles Dana GibsonPoster for Scribner’s

idea of the "gibson girl", independant and trendy.

introduction to women's culture

Front 68

Back 68

Howard PyleThe Merry Adventures of Robin Hood

hollywood image of the middle ages from people in this era trying to recreate what it was like
“Pyle sought authenticity in everydetail of setting, props, costume, andcharacterization."