History Of Rock Test 1

Front 1

A practice in singing in which a solo vocalist is answered by a group of singers. Also heard in instrumental music, or between vocalists ans instrumentalists, the style is vocal in origin.

Back 1

Call and Response aka Antiphonal Singing

Front 2

A type of work song in which a solo singer shouts out a melody very loudly so that it is picked up by other workers in far fields. It starts out at a high pitch and descends by the end of the line.

Back 2

Field Holler

Front 3

Altered pitch or pitches of a blues scale or song.

Back 3

Blue notes

Front 4

Blue note scale degrees

Back 4

3rd and 7th scale degrees

Front 5

The simple harmonic progression of church hymns which blues is derived.

Back 5

I, IV, V

Front 6

African Historian / Musicians

Back 6

Jali (p. Jalolu) aka griot

Front 7

"Father of the Blues"

Back 7

William Christopher (W.C.) Handy

Front 8

Form with a basic pulse counted in groups of four with, with four pulses(beats) to each bar.

Back 8

12-bar blues progression

Front 9

A melodic and harmonic formula that is played at the end of a larger chord progression to prepare the performers and listeners for another repetition of the progression.

Back 9

Turnaround

Front 10

An instrumental embellishment played during breaks (rests) in a vocal melody. A response to a sung call at the end of each sung line.

Back 10

Fill

Front 11

Texas Rural Blues traits

Back 11

>More Clearly Sung Lyrics
>Higher Singing
>More Linear and Melodic Guitar
>Guitar less percussive, more smooth
>Alternating Bass & Treble Playing
>Single String Melody Fills
>Repeated Melodic Riffs on Bass Strings
>Arpeggiated Chords

Front 12

Blind Lemon Jefferson's protege ("eyes") who later came into his own as a guitarist.

Back 12

Aaron "T-Bone" Walker

Front 13

Mississippi Delta Blues traits

Back 13

>sliding from note to note
>slide guitar
>wailing singing style (forlorn)
>small melodic range
>intricate polyrhythms
>rhythmic fills (rather than melodic)
>percussive playing style

Front 14

Refers to all music recorded by African-Americans from 1920s-1940s. Usually small indie labels. Called R&B records during late 40s.

Back 14

Race Records

Front 15

1st successful "down home" (rural) blues artist.

Back 15

Blind Lemon Jefferson of the Paramount label.

Front 16

The Mississippi Delta States

Back 16

Mississippi, Arkansas, and Tennessee

Front 17

"Father of the Delta Blues Style"

Back 17

Charley Patton

Front 18

Bouncy, long-short rhythm associated with boogie woogie.

Back 18

Barrelhouse Rhythm. Derived from bars or "barrelhouses".

Front 19

Two or more rhythms performed simultaneously.

Back 19

Polyrhythm

Front 20

Notes that are fingered on the fretboard but lightly picked or dampened.

Back 20

"ghost" notes

Front 21

Texas Urban Blues traits

Back 21

>stronger influence on other blues and jazz than rock
>Generally horns as backup
>Sax as soloing
>Strong piano basis (not guitar)

Front 22

Chicago Urban Blues traits

Back 22

>From Mississippi Delta Blues
>Slide Guitar
>Frequent slides between notes
>Frequent use of bent notes
>Double-stopped strings, and bent double-stops
>Intricate rhythm patterns, and polyrhythms
>Single string fills

Front 23

A jazz piano style that is characterized by a left hand ostinato. Uneven pulses gave a bouncy feel. Popular during the jazz "swing era".

Back 23

Boogie Woogie. AKA "honky tonk"

Possibly derived from Mandingo word buga: to beat a drum; or slang bogy: dark apparitions, later slang for blacks

Front 24

Boogie Woogie traits

Back 24

>8 quick pulses per measure (8 to the bar)
>barrelhouse rhythm (bounced)
>Improvised right hand
>Ostinato left hand
>12-bar blues
>Complex polyrhythm between hands

Front 25

A motive, phrase or theme that is constantly repeated while other musical elements change; riff

Back 25

Ostinato

Front 26

The first beat of a measure. Also the regular accented beats in a4/4 measure, beats 1 and 3.

Back 26

Downbeat

Front 27

Placing a strong accent on the offbeats. In a 4-beat measure, the drummer typically emphasizes beats 2 and 4, the basic rhythm for rock.

Back 27

Backbeat

Front 28

A derogatory term for country & western music. Initially "old time music"

Back 28

Hillbilly

Front 29

Musical ensemble associated with Southern country music, from 1920's.

Back 29

String Band

Front 30

Type of bass accompaniment in which the bassist plays the root of the chord on the 1st beat of a measure and the 5th on the 3rd beat of a measure.

Back 30

Two-beat Bass

Front 31

String Band characteristics

Back 31

>Lead Vocalist
>2-4 backup singers
>Fiddles
>Acoustic Guitars
>Acoustic Bass
>Possibly banjos, mandolins
>After 1932 – pedal steel guitar

Front 32

The three distinct styles of Country after 1920s.

Back 32

Southern Country
Bluegrass
Southwestern Country Swing

Front 33

Derived from folk music brought to US by anglo/irish/scottish settlers, 17-18th centuries

Back 33

Country & Western

Front 34

Southern Country traits

Back 34

>Simple melodies (narrow range, uncomplicated surface rhythms)
>Simple harmonic structures
>Simple rhythms, clear meters
>Two-beat bass
>Little instrumental improvisation
>Nasal vocalists, slide from pitch to pitch with voice, use yodeling technique
>Text often about unrequited love, jilted lovers

Front 35

Mixes elements of Southern country with big band swing
Originated in the Texas string bands, late 1920s – early 1930s

Back 35

Southwestern Country Swing

aka Western Swing

Front 36

Southwestern Country Swing traits

Back 36

Added Drums, Piano, Steel Guitar, (often) horn section.

Improvisation encouraged

Front 37

Vocalist that sung ballads in jump blues.

Back 37

Smooch Tenor

Front 38

Short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern repeated over and over while musical changes take place. Often the harmonic and rhythmic basis of the entire song.

Back 38

Riff

Front 39

Use of a metal sleeve or small glass bottle on the chording hand.

Back 39

Slide Guitar

Front 40

Note whose pitch is slightly altered by pilling on a string or raising or lowering the voice.

Back 40

Bent Note

Front 41

Recording that has been recorded and released after the original version.

Back 41

Cover records

Front 42

Jump band singer of fast and party songs. Known for “adult” quality lyrics. Sung raw, rough-edged blues.

Back 42

Shouter or Screamer

Front 43

Type of bass line in which each beat of a measure is a different tone.

Back 43

Walking Bass

Front 44

First film to use rock 'n' roll in soundtrack.

Back 44

The Blackboard Jungle

Front 45

Rock 'n' roll that developed around Memphis, TN in mid 50s.

Back 45

Rockabilly

aka Memphis Country Rock.
Name from rock 'n' roll and hillbilly.

Front 46

Playing two strings simultaneously

Back 46

Double Stop

Front 47

Pulling the strings on a double bass out away from the fingerboard and letting them snap back against it again which strikes a note and creates a loud click.

Back 47

Slapped Bass

Front 48

Peristent Rhythm used by Diddley based on West African rhythm used by shoeshine boys.

Back 48

Bo Diddley Beat

aka juba rhythm, and hambone rhythm

Front 49

doo wop progression

Back 49

I vi IV V (chords built on the marjor tonic, minor submediant [6th scale], major subdominant, and major dominant)

Front 50

Co-owner and chieef recording engineer of J & M Studio.

Back 50

Cosimo Matassa

Front 51

Musician/Producer that discovered Fats Domino

Back 51

David Bartholomew

Front 52

Owner of Sun Records

Back 52

Sam Philips

Front 53

Recording studio where Memphis Country R&R style developed primarily with figures such as Elvis, Perkins, and Cash

Back 53

Sun Records

Front 54

Disc Jockey who coined the term "rock 'n' roll"

Back 54

Alan Freed

Front 55

A Rhythm and Blues singer who sung Hound Dog, attracting a young white audience, and was a model for one of Elvis Presley's most famous recordings.

Back 55

Big Mama Thornton

Front 56

Elvis' lead guitarist, a frequent visitor to Sun Studios, he accompanied Elvis on the first Presley hit "That's All Right Mama"

Back 56

Scotty Moore

Front 57

R&B musician that recorded the "first rock 'n' roll song", Rocket 88.

Back 57

Jackie Brenston

Front 58

Owner of the Clovis, NM recording studio where Buddy Holly recorded. He served as his manager and producer with composing credits. Holly left him due to difficulties with this.

Back 58

Norman Petty

Front 59

Influencial Memphis Rock musician that composed Blue Suede Shoes, the first rockabilly song to reach the national top ten.

Back 59

Carl Perkins

Front 60

Entrepeneur who signed Elvis to a contract giving him composing credit and made him one of the highest-paid entertainers of all time.

Back 60

Col. Tom Parker

Front 61

Architect of rockabilly sound that recorded Summertime Blues, an anthem for youth of the R&R generation. Used overdubbing, echo, and doubletracking vocals.

Back 61

Eddie Cochran

Front 62

Owners of an important record label of blues and R&R artists such as Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley.

Back 62

Phil and Leonard Chess of Chess Studios

Front 63

Influential Jewish songwriters that wrote Hound Dog and many other influential songs.

Back 63

Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller

Front 64

Earliest instrumental surf rock group to become popular with Walk, Don't Run. Considered to be the most influential instrumental rock group.

Back 64

The Ventures

Front 65

R&B Traits

Back 65

>Harsher vocal style (shouter)
>More Risque Lyrics
>Loud instruments
>Like jump blues:Vocalist, Piano, Acoustic Bass, Electric guitar, Drums, Tenor Sax
>May also include: Backing vocals, organ, horns
>Emphatic dance rhythms
>Excitement
>Hard-driving rhythms, emphasis on backbeat (beats 2 and 4 in 4/4)

Front 66

Northern Band Traits

Back 66

>A steady, mechanical meter
>Fast tempos
>Quick and even surface rhythms
>Staccato guitar chords on the backbeat
>A slapped, walking bassline
>A boogie woogie ostinato (often, not always)

Front 67

New Orleans Dance Rock n Roll traits

Back 67

>An overall bass function
>Boogie Woogie barrelhouse rhythm
>The basic beat is often subdivided into three quick pulses (triplet feel)
>Rhythms and meters are looser than the stiff, mechanical meters of Bill Haley

Front 68

Memphis Country Rock Traits

Back 68

>Emphasis on backbeat – stiff or even barrelhouse, not loose and let back
>Instrumentation (string bands)
>Strict Rhythm
>Nasal singing style
>Pronunciation (accent)
>Overall treble-dominated sound (twangy
>Stuttering, yelps, cracked falsetto
>Generally fast tempos
>Propelled by slapped bass
>Looser sense of rhythm than Haley, stricter sense of rhythm than New Orleans
>Recorded with natural studio echo

Mostly recorded at SUN STUDIOS

Front 69

Chicago R&R Traits

Back 69

>Generally Fast Tempos
>Hard-Driving Beat
>Even Beat Subdivisions – >Barrelhouse sound without bounce.
>Guitar-based bands
>Soloists are guitarists – because band leader is a guitarist
>Instrumentation like R&B band: lead vocal, electric guitar, bass, drums, piano
>May Use horns for background riffing. >Generally no backup singers

Front 70

Vocal Group Traits

Back 70

>lead vocalist supported by 3-4 backup
>tight, close harmony
>backup sing nonsense
>instrumentalists deep in background

Front 71

Carl Perkins Guitar Traits

Back 71

>Finger picking on electric
>right hand to dampen strings
>string bends
>playing extended chords
>syncopated rhythms
>chord anticipations

Front 72

Dick Dale Traits

Back 72

>trebly, tinny guitar tone
>heavy use of reverb
>fast, staccato double picking
>descending chromatic slide
>middle eastern influence

Front 73

Beach boys traits

Back 73

>Tightly arranged vocal harmony
>high lead vocals

Front 74

Instrumental Surf Rock Traits

Back 74

>Twangy, treble sound
>Heavy use of whammy bar
>strong reverb
>fast double picking

Front 75

Blind lemon is what type?

Back 75

Texas rural Blues

Front 76

Robert Johnsone and Charley Patton are what type?

Back 76

Mississippi Delta Blues

Front 77

Muddy Waters is what type?

Back 77

Chicago Blues

Front 78

Aaron T-bone Walker is what type?

Back 78

Texas Urban Blues

Front 79

Fats Domino, Little Richard are what type?

Back 79

New Orleans Dance Rock

Front 80

Elvis, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Eddie Cochran, Roy Orbison, Gene Vincent, Ricky Nelson are what?

Back 80

Memphis country rock

Front 81

Chicago Rock Performers

Back 81

Bo Diddley, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly

Front 82

Vocal Group Performers

Back 82

Orioles, Franky Lyman and the teenagers, the coasters, marvalettes, shirrelles