History Of Psychology Ch. 10 Quiz Questions

Front 1

Plato and Aristotle did not believe in evolution for different reasons, why did Aristotle not believe in evolution? He believed that:

Back 1

the number of species was fixed, transmutation from one species to another was impossible

Front 2

According to Spencer, the best government was one that:

Back 2

allowed free competition among all its citizens

Front 3

What provided Darwin with the principle he needed to tie his many observations together?

Back 3

Malthus's Essay on the Principle of Population

Front 4

According to Darwin, evolution resulted from the ________ of those accidental variations that proved to have survival value:

Back 4

natural selection

Front 5

The sociobiologists depend heavily on the concept of ________ in their explanation of human social behavior:

Back 5

inclusive fitness

Front 6

Galton used the concept of ________ to explain why eminent individuals only tended to have eminent offspring:

Back 6

regression toward the mean

Front 7

Galton was the first to do all is the following except:

Back 7

use the term mental test

Front 8

The concepts of mental age and the intelligence quotient were introduced by:

Back 8

Stern

Front 9

In what way did Terman revise the Binet-Simon scale of intelligence:

Back 9

he added and deleted items until the average score for each age group was 100

Front 10

Herrnstein and Murray predict that in the United States in the future:

Back 10

there will be an economic class structure based on inherited intelligence

Front 11

Many influential philosophers/scientists such as Galileo and Kant have claimed that psychology could never be a science.

Back 11

True

Front 12

For Plato, objects in the world are inferior manifestations of the pure forms.

Back 12

True

Front 13

Thomas Aquinas attempted to reconcile faith and reason.

Back 13

True

Front 14

Regarding the mind-body issue Descartes was a dualist and interactionist.

Back 14

True

Front 15

For Hume, causation exists in the physical, mechanistic world.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Kant's categorical imperative controlled the categories of thought.

Back 16

False

Front 17

Goethe stated that we need to deny and overcome the opposing forces of life's experience.

Back 17

False

Front 18

Weber's work indicated that the JND is a variable measure based on many factors.

Back 18

False

Front 19

For Titchener, the goals of psychology were the what, how, and why of mental life.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Galton viewed intelligence as a matter of sensory acuity of the person.

Back 20

True

Front 21

Harvey Carr proposed the adaptive act that describes how needs are met in the organism to survive.

Back 21

True

Front 22

Behaviorism was already established in the U.S. before the development of objective psychology in Russia.

Back 22

False

Front 23

Neobehaviorism resulted from combining behaviorism and physiological method.

Back 23

False

Front 24

Lewin's life space was all influences acting on a person at a given time.

Back 24

True

Front 25

In contemporary times there is little debate between the medical model and the psychological model.

Back 25

False

Front 26

Ego defense mechanisms distort reality and operate at the preconscious level.

Back 26

False

Front 27

The two psychological attitudes for Jung were introversion and extroversion.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Third-force psychology combines rationalism and existentialism and is called humanistic psychology.

Back 28

False

Front 29

Chomsky maintains that learning is the basis of language acquisition.

Back 29

False

Front 30

According to Searle, computers and computer programs contain and use syntax but they do not and can not employ semantics.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Titchener, in reaction to those in the APA with applied interests, formed a group called the structuralists.

Back 31

False

Front 32

A scientific theory has several functions, which of the following is not a function of scientific theory?

Back 32

to guide the scientist in rational descriptions

Front 33

Philosophy (the love of knowledge and wisdom) began when ________ explanations replaced ________ explanations.

Back 33

natural / supernatural

Front 34

Aristotle's philosophy was highly influential in ________ during the so-called Dark Ages.

Back 34

the Arab world

Front 35

Galileo believed all of the following except:

Back 35

the geocentric theory

Front 36

According to Hartley, as ideas or stimuli came to elicit behaviors not originally associated with them ________ behavior was converted into ________ behavior:

Back 36

involuntary/voluntary

Front 37

The belief that the world is as we immediately experience it is called:

Back 37

direct realism

Front 38

Kierkegaard believed that truth was:

Back 38

subjectivity and whatever a person believed privately and emotionally

Front 39

________ is the study of the relationship between physical and psychological events:

Back 39

Psychophysics

Front 40

According to Wundt, a(n) ________ occurred whenever a sense organ was stimulated and the resulting impulse reached the brain:

Back 40

sensation

Front 41

Plato and Aristotle did not believe in evolution for different reasons, why did Aristotle not believe in evolution? He believed that:

Back 41

the number of species was fixed, transmutation from one species to another was impossible

Front 42

According to James, the most important thing about consciousness was that it was:

Back 42

functional

Front 43

For Watson, thinking was:

Back 43

implicit speech

Front 44

According to Hull, for learning to take place, a response must be followed by:

Back 44

drive-reduction

Front 45

Stimuli that seem to go in the same direction form a perceptual unit. This exemplifies the Gestalt principle of:

Back 45

continuity

Front 46

Which of the following is true of the Hippocratics?

Back 46

they encouraged the naturalistic treatment of both physical and mental illness

Front 47

Freud concluded that every dream was a ________, meaning a symbolic expression of a desire that the dreamer could not express directly without experiencing anxiety.

Back 47

wish fulfillment

Front 48

Adler's major disagreements with Freud included:

Back 48

regarding sexual factors, particularly in childhood, Adlser reduced these to a minimum

repression and infantile sexuality were discarded by Adler

Adler discarded the unconscious

all of these were major disagreements

Front 49

Roger's approach to psychotherapy was considered revolutionary for all of the following reasons except:

Back 49

it required therapists to accept the medical model of mental illness

Front 50

According to the sociobiologists, the social behavior of any individual is determined by:

Back 50

inherited dispositions (biology)

culture

both of these answers are correct

Front 51

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) was influenced by:

Back 51

cybernetics

information theory

computer technology

Front 52

When psychologists began performing psychotherapy following World War II, they came into conflict with:

Back 52

psychiatrists and the medical profession