History Of Israel

Front 1

5 Traits that characterize the Middle East

Back 1

Islam, Desert, Oil, Water, Arabic

Front 2

OPEC stands for

Back 2

Orginization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Front 3

Definition of Natural Gas

Back 3

Clean fossil fuel that emits much less waste

Front 4

Defintion of Crude Oil

Back 4

The raw mineral pumped from the earth it is black liquid that comes in a barrel

Front 5

Irrigation

Back 5

The process of supplying dry land with water through ditches and pipes. Irrigation is needed to grow food and support agriculture

Front 6

Aquifers are

Back 6

Underground accumulations of water

Front 7

Anti-Semitism

Back 7

Discrimination against Jews

Front 8

Assimilation

Back 8

Adopting customs of the prevailing cultures

Front 9

Autonomy

Back 9

Self-Government

Front 10

Basic Law

Back 10

Alternative to a Constitution

Front 11

Circa

Back 11

Approximentally

Front 12

Coalition

Back 12

Temporary Alliance

Front 13

Constitution

Back 13

Document of Laws

Front 14

Democracy

Back 14

Government for the people by the people

Front 15

Law of Return

Back 15

The Law states that a Jewish person may have automatic citizenship in Israel

Front 16

Mandate

Back 16

Command from authority

Front 17

Political Platform

Back 17

Aims of a political party veering from the majority opinion

Front 18

Occupation

Back 18

When a government controls another country

Front 19

Socialism

Back 19

A government with equal distribution amongst its people

Front 20

Zionism

Back 20

Movement in the support of Israel

Front 21

Medina is

Back 21

The Semetic root for district; here the Jews were seperated into tribes

Front 22

Author of the Pact of Umar

Back 22

Umar Ben-Al Khattab

Front 23

Monotheism

Back 23

Belief in one God

Front 24

Mecca

Back 24

The place of Muhammeds birth

Front 25

Muhammed was born in

Back 25

571 C.E.

Front 26

Islam means

Back 26

Submission to God

Front 27

Why were we so adaptable to the Pact of Umar because

Back 27

We were used to living in submission

Front 28

What did Caliph Mu'awiya do?

Back 28

Transformed the Arab world into a primarily secular State

Front 29

Judeo-Arabic

Back 29

Arabic written in Hebrew letters

Front 30

Who were the Rhadinites?

Back 30

Jews who traveled between countries bringing news to different communties

Front 31

The causes for the end of the Jewish renaissance were

Back 31

Famine, Crusades, Bedouin attacks, Earthquakes, and epidemics

Front 32

The Koran was a collection of

Back 32

Muhammeds revelation

Front 33

A dhimmi is a

Back 33

Non-Muslim monotheist

Front 34

The Pact of Umar was

Back 34

A list of restrictions for the dhimmis

Front 35

Mohammed was the

Back 35

Founder of Islam

Front 36

Muhammeds journey from Mecca to Medina was called the

Back 36

Hijra

Front 37

Yemen was

Back 37

A middle- Eastern country on trade routes with dhimmis who paid Jizya and Kharaj

Front 38

Hakam was

Back 38

An elder spiritual and administrative leader

Front 39

What caused Jews to become involved in commerce and move to the city?

Back 39

High land taxes

Front 40

How was Jewish life in the Arabian Pennisula before the birth of Muhammed?

Back 40

Good

Front 41

Why did Muhammed leave his hometown of Mecca to go to Medina?

Back 41

Because his neighbors were not accepting of him and they drove him out

Front 42

What messages set up an obvious conflicts between the Muslims and Jews?

Back 42

The message saying that if you do not convert to Islam you will not go to heaven and that Islam is the only way

Front 43

What happened around the year 6224?

Back 43

One Jewish tribe converted, One tribe fled only to be massacred two years later, and One tribe was abused and killed

Front 44

What were three of the prohibitions mentioned in the Pact of Umar?

Back 44

Jews cant build new houses of worship or repair old ones, Jews cant pray loudly, and Jews cant have houses higher then the Muslims

Front 45

What are some signs that prove there was a Jewish Renaissance?

Back 45

The Jews were allowed to move to Jerusalem, they were treated well, and Talmudic Yeshivot began appearing everywhere including Israel.

Front 46

Christendom

Back 46

Th religion of Europe and some parts of the Near East

Front 47

Blood Libel

Back 47

When Jews are accused of murdering a Christian to use the blood for secret Jewish rituals

Front 48

Servi Camerae Nostrae

Back 48

Servants of our treasury

Front 49

Crusader

Back 49

Someone who participates in a crusade

Front 50

Host Desecration

Back 50

Where Jews were accused of torturing the host(the wafer used in communion which the faithful believe is transformed into the actual body of Christ and is capable of feeling pain)

Front 51

Crusader Chronicles

Back 51

Latin and Hebrew records detailing the annihilation of Jewish communities

Front 52

Usury

Back 52

Lending money at an exhourborant interest rates

Front 53

Money Lending

Back 53

Lending money with interest

Front 54

Infidel

Back 54

Someone who wasn't Christian

Front 55

Communion

Back 55

A Christian ceremony in which Christians eat a wafer representing and wine representing his body

Front 56

Fizogerin

Back 56

Female prayer leaders

Front 57

Ritual Murder

Back 57

Jews were accused of killing Christians to please Hashem

Front 58

Ashkenaz

Back 58

The Jewish community originating in Rhineland

Front 59

Rhineland

Back 59

The region along the Rhine River in Germany

Front 60

Bishop Rudiger of Speyer

Back 60

The religious and secular leader of the town of Speyer who wrote a legal charter giving rights to the Jews of Speyer

Front 61

Emporer Fredrick II

Back 61

Declared that Jews were "Servants of our treasury" and belonged to the government this was both a blessing and curse to the Jews

Front 62

Pope Urban II

Back 62

He gathered a military expedition for the purpose of traveling to the holy land to recapture Christian holy sites from the Muslims

Front 63

Peter the Hermit

Back 63

A monk who fired up the Crusaders by giving sermons who encouraged the violent overthrow of the Muslims

Front 64

The Crusades

Back 64

A military expedition to capture holy sites from the Muslims but they decided also to ill the infidels right at home

Front 65

William of Norwhich

Back 65

Was a boy who the Christians accused the Jews of murdering for blood libel in Norwhich England in 1144

Front 66

What unified Europe in the Middle Ages?

Back 66

Their religion- Christianity

Front 67

What was the geographic entity known as Christendom?

Back 67

Christendom was some parts of the Near East and Europe during the 4th centuary until the Muslim conquest

Front 68

In the Middle Ages where did ones allegiance lie?

Back 68

Ones allegiance lie with a local duke or lord or the clergie rather then a king

Front 69

Why were the European Jews seen as outsiders?

Back 69

Because the Jews could have no membership to Christendom

Front 70

What were three restrictions that were placed in the Jews were

Back 70

They were denied rescidency rights, prohibited form owning land,and denied membership into professional guilds

Front 71

What were the two jobs Jews mainly did and why?

Back 71

The two jobs that they did were trading and lending because they were prohibited in some professions

Front 72

What rights did the charted Bishop Rudiger Speyer give the Jews?

Back 72

Residency rights, Jewish residential rights, and burial rights

Front 73

When did the first Crusade begin?

Back 73

In 1086 when Pope Urban II gathered a military expedition in order to recapture Christian holy sites from the Muslims. The Crusaders decided that their mandate must extend to the infidels right at home-the Jews

Front 74

Define Zionism

Back 74

A worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and devlopment of Israel.

Front 75

Define Yishuv

Back 75

Means settlement in Hebrew. This term refers to the Jewish rescidence of Eretz Yisroel

Front 76

Define Covenant

Back 76

The conditional promise made to the Jews by G-d that we should obtain the land of Israel

Front 77

Define Kibbutz

Back 77

A collective farm or settlement in Israel

Front 78

Define Moshav

Back 78

A cooperative community in Israel made up of small farms

Front 79

Define Aliyah

Back 79

In Hebrew it means going up. An Aliyah is the migration of Jews to Israel

Front 80

Define Halutzim

Back 80

The Halutzim were the pioneers of Israel mainly during the 2nd Aliyah who first began working the land

Front 81

Define Socialism

Back 81

The belief or system of government that distributes all of its wealth to the people of the country or orginization equally

Front 82

Define Dr. Leon Pinsker

Back 82

He was a Russian physician who was a maskil. He published the pamphlet called Self Emancipation in which he stated his scientific belief that anti-semitism was deeply rooted in human nature and would not go away. He also was president of Hovevei Tzion

Front 83

Define Hovevei Tzion

Back 83

The Lovers of Zion began in 1882 It helped build cultural awareness and pride through orginizing courses in Hebrew, Jewish history, and Jewish music. Most of the groups meetings were held in secret because Zionism was illegal in Russia.

Front 84

Define Theodore Herzl

Back 84

Theodore Herzl is considered the father of Zionism. It was him who gave practical form to the Zionist vision and created the diplomatic connections that would make the creation of the State of Israel possible. He came to the realization that there would always be anti-semitism unless the Jews had a country of their own. He published "A Jewish State" in which he outlined the steps necessary to build and develop a functioning state. For him Zionism was about solving Zionism. He turned to the Russian and Eastern European Jews for support. He also called the 1st Zionist World Congress.

Front 85

Define Joseph Chamberlain

Back 85

He was a former member of the House of Commons. Herzl talked to him and he understood the plight of the Jews and thought that the British Crown could benefit from the Jews having a homeland. He offered them Uganda.

Front 86

Define Ahad Ha'am

Back 86

Ahad Ha'am means one of the people in Hebrew. It was the pen name for Asher Ginsberg. His vision of Judiasm is known as spiritual Judiasm. He was a member of Hovevei Tzion. Ginsberg was interested in how Judiasms unique culture could rebuild the Jewish character and promote national unity. Eventually Ginsberg came to believe that Israel could best serve the Jews as a cultural center not as a homeland. He wrote an artical called "This is not the Way"

Front 87

Define Rav Abraham Isaac Kook

Back 87

Rav Kook was a Rabbi hired from Europe to serve the Jewish community in Israel. He viewed Zionist passion as a form of Messianism. He belived that one could be religious and a Zionist. He merged the two movement into what is now known as the Religious Zionist movement.

Front 88

Define Eliezer Ben Yehudah

Back 88

He created the Modern Hebrew Language.

Front 89

First World Zionist Congress

Back 89

Herzl called in The First World Zionist Congress in 1897. It met in Basil, Switzerland. It had 204 delegates from around the world. The meeting acheived its goals of establishing a world Zionist Orginization, adopting a Jewish flag, and a national anthem

Front 90

Sixth World Zionist Congress

Back 90

It was held in 1903. It was where Herzl raised the issue of the Uganda program. It was met by a storm of protest.

Front 91

Jewish National Fund

Back 91

It was used to raise money with which to buy land in Israel.

Front 92

Palestine

Back 92

It is a country in the Middle East. The Jews and Arabs fight over it. It is a holy country to three major world religions.

Front 93

Uganda

Back 93

A country in Africa that Joseph Chamberlain offered to Herzl to use as Jewish homeland. Here they could grow sugar and cotton. It was a British territory and if the Jews had a homeland it could help the British Crown.

Front 94

First Aliyah

Back 94

It occured in 1882 when 7,000 Russian Jews went to Palestine.

Front 95

What was Rav Kook's belief about how the covenant with the Jewish people would finally be fulfilled?

Back 95

By a mixture of Jews from different sides of the religious spectrum.

Front 96

In what year did the First Aliyah take place, what were the ideals they brought with them, and what political ideas were they influenced by?

Back 96

In 1882 the First Aliyah took place. The ideals they bought with them were the Zionist movement. They were influenced by Socialist ideas about building communities that would work for the common good.

Front 97

What was the main work performed by the early Zionist settlers in Palestine?

Back 97

The main work performed by the early Zionists were agricultural and they also worked as hired laborers or in the cities.

Front 98

How did Eliezer Ben Yehuda go about creating the foundation for modern Hebrew?

Back 98

He used traditional Hebrew grammatical system based on 3 letter root words

Front 99

When did the Second Aliyah take place, and list two factors that led up to its occurrence?

Back 99

The Second Aliyah took place from 1904-1914. Two factors that led up to the 2nd Aliyah were the controversy over the Uganda program and the Kishniev Pogroms of 1903.

Front 100

Why was Tel Aviv given its name?

Back 100

Tel Aviv was given its name because the city was meant as a connection from the old with the new and thus was the name Tel(a hill built on the rements of an old civilization) Aviv(Spring, or the time of rebirth)

Front 101

What was the Jewish covenant?

Back 101

The Jewish covenant was the promise Hashem made to the Jews that they would get back the land of Israel.