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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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deterrence theory (Beccaria)
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swift, certain, severe; principle of proportionality; condemned torture and death as punishment
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born bad
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Hobbes
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born neither good nor bad; socialized into neg or pos values
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Locke
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born good
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Rosseau
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hard determinism
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religious implications; we are compelled by forces to act certain ways
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soft determinism
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humans control a significant portion of their behavior
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4 different reasons for crime/suicide (Durkheim
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overintegration, underintegration, overregulation, underregulation (anomic)
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punishment reinforces/defines the norms
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Durkheim
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4 theories of punishment
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retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation, deterrence
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2 types of punishment by deterrence
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1. simple/specific - works on an individual basis 2. general - seeing someone else being punished
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3 19th century ideas for why criminals commit crime
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1. crazy 2. rationalism (Enlightenment) - personal gain 3. born differences (Social Darwinism) - criminals are primitive
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social disorganization theory (1920s)
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the characteristics of a neighborhood and community influence crime (isolation from mainstream society/anomic --> create your own norms)
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Robert Merton (1930s) STRAIN
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the amount of strain you have to endure to achieve social mobility based on your placement within society
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4 types of people responding to the goal of money and the means of hard work
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conformists, ritualists (disregard money, work hard), innovators (disregard hard work, get money), retreatists
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