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121 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Paleolithic

The cultural period of the Stone Age that began about 2.5 to 2 million years ago, marked by the earliest useof tools made of chipped stone

Tensile Frame

A construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending.

Plan

The view of the structure from the top

Section

A drawing of a vertical slice through a building at some imagined plane

Longitudinal Section

The representation of an object as it would appearif cut by the vertical plane passing through the longest axis of the object.

Cross Section

A drawing that shows the horizontal relationship of the building in a vertical plane.

Elevation

An exterior or interior vertical face of a building, or a drawing of the same as if flattened on a vertical plane.

Compression Frame

A frame of elements that are meant to push against each other

Site Plan

An architectural plan, landscape architecture document, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a given area

Neolithic

The last phase ofthe Stone Age, marked by the domestication ofanimals, the development of agriculture, and themanufacture of pottery and textiles

Mortise and Tenon

A wood-joining method in which a projecting tongue (tenon) of one member is fitted into a hole (mortise) of a corresponding shape in another member

Wattle and Daub

A construction system using woven branches and twigs plastered over with mud as filling between the larger members of a wooden frame

Lintel

A horizontal beam or stone that spans an opening

Menhir

A prehistoric monument in the form of a single large upright stone

Megalith/Megalithic

Built of huge/irregular stones

Barrow

FILL IN

Dolmen

A prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound

Gallery Grave

A prehistoric tomb in the form of a roofed stone corridor buried under an earth mound

Cyclopean Masonry

Uses huge irregular stones laid without mortar

Corbelled Vault

A concave roof constructed with corbelling (parallel masonry layers, each projecting beyond the one below

Passage Grave

a narrow passage made of large stones and one or multiple burial chambers covered in earth or stone

Trabeation

Construction using upright posts and horizontal lintels, not arches or vaults; post and beam construction

Pier

A solid masonry support, often rectangular or square in plan

Trilithon

A structure consisting of two large vertical stones (posts) supporting a third stone set horizontally across the top (lintel)

Cob

A natural building material made from sand, clay, water, some kind of fibrous or organic material (straw) and earth

Adobe

Sun-dried brick made of clay and straw

Half-timbering

Inter mixing of cob/mud brick surrounded by a framework of wood

Pisé/rammed earth

Using a framework to hold building materials and pounding it until it becomes firm

Ziggurat

A mesopotamian temple-tower in the form of a stepped pyramid

Orthogonal Planning

A system that aligns buildings to a particular element. For example the Nile River

Clerestory

An upper portion of a wall containing windows for supplying natural light toa building.

Step Pyramid

Mastabas stacked on each other to resemble pyramids

Serdab

A secret chamber in an ancient Egyptian tomb

Engaged Column

A column that becomes part of the wall

Tectonics

Expression of loads within a building

Mastaba

An ancient Egyptian flat-topped rectangular tomb with sloping sides

Colonnade

A row of columns supporting a beam

Pyramid

A massive monument of ancient Egypt having a rectangular base and four triangular facesculminating in a single apex, built over or around a crypt or tomb.

Capstone

End for the wall and/or column

Lotus capital

Column capitals that resemble the plant life in Ancient Egypt

Necropolis

City of the Dead

Hypostyle Hall

A room with a roof supported by many columns

Peristyle Court

A roofed, columned porch or colonnade surrounding a building or courtyard

Axis

An imaginary straight line about which parts of a building or a group of buildings are arranged

Cavetto Cornice

A projecting molding hollowed in the shape of a quarter circle

Obelisk

A tall square stone shaft, usually of one piece, tapering upward and ending in a pyramidal tip

Pylon

The monumental entrance to an ancient Egyptian temple; pylon is sometimes used to mean one of the two rectangular, truncated pyramidal towers flanking such an entrance

Bas Relief

A shallow cut relief used in Egyptian temples to speed up the process of building it

Megaron

The principal hall of an Anatolian, Cretan, or Mycenaen palace or house. It is rectangular in plan, with a circular central hearth and a front porch formed by the prolongation of the side walls

Citadel

An elevated fort or stronghold

Portico

A covered entranceway with columns on one or more sides

Prodomos

A small room leading to a main one.

Domos

Throne room/house

Fresco

Walls plastered painted while wall was still wet

Acropolis

City on a hill

Stele

An upright stone or slab with an inscribed or sculpturedsurface, used as a monument or as a commemorative tablet in the face of a building

Rubble Masonry

Rough, unhewn building stone set in mortar, but not laid in regular courses.

Tholos

A round corbel-vaulted Mycenaen tomb

Ashlar Masonry

Consists of smooth squared stones laid with mortar in horizontal courses

Dromos

A long high walled entrance to a Mycenean tomb

Beehive Chamber

See Tholos

Dorians

One of the major ethnic groups that inhabited the Mainland Greece

Ionians

One of the major ethnic groups that inhabited what is now Turkey

Order

Stylistic Program

Doric

It has a plain capital, a fluted shaft, and no base

Ionic

Slimmer column and its capital has a prominent scroll

Pitched Roof

A roof made up of two angled pieces which meet in the middle, with gables at either end.

Gable

The triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a dual-pitched roof.

Apse

A vaulted, semicircular wall recess or extension of a hall

Cella (naos)

The main room in a Classical temple, housing a cult statue

Portico

A covered entranceway with columns on one or more sides

Prostyle

Having row of columns before only one face of a building

Pronaos

The vestibule of an Ancient Greek temple, with side walls and a row of columns along the front

Anta

Describing the posts or pillars on either side of a doorway or entrance of a Greek temple - the slightly projecting piers which terminate the walls of the naos.

Opisthodomos

The rear room of an ancient Greek temple or to the inner shrine

Adyton

A restricted area within the cella

Pteron

Side Columns

Peripteral

One row of Columns

Distyle

Two Column Front

Tetrastyle

Four Column Front

Hexastyle

Six Column Front

Octastyle

Eight Column Front

Ennestyle

Nine Column Front

Decastyle

Ten Column Front

Stereobate

The foundation or platform on which a building or row of columns is erected

Stylobate

The top or top step of the substructure or platform on which columns stand

Column

A cylindrical vertical support

Shaft

The main part of a column, between the base and the capital

Fluted

A shallow, vertical groove on a column

Capital

Topmost part of a column

Echinus

The circular, upward-flaring, lowest part of a Doric capital

Abacus

The uppermost part of a classical capital

Entablature

The elaborated beam that a column supports

Architrave

The beam that spans a pair of columns

Dentil

one of a number of small, rectangular blocks resembling teeth and used as a decoration

Triglyph

A vertically grooved block between the metopes in a Doric Frieze

Metope

The square space, often decorated with sculpture

Mutule

A stone block projecting under a cornice in the Doric order.

Frieze

The middle horizontal division of an entablature

Tympanum

The segmental space enclosed by the lintel over a doorway

Cornice

Projecting ornamental molding along the top of a building

Pediment

The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.

Entasis

A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft

Volute

A spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals.

Base

Lower supporting part of column

Egg and Dart

Ornamental aspects to an Ionic capital column

Dipteral

Having a double peristyle

Perikles

Began the building program in 447BC to build the Acropolis

Athena Nike

Athena as victorious

Athena Parthenos

Athena as a Virgin

Athena Polias

Athena as protector of the city

Temenos

A wall sacred enclosure around an ancient Greek altar or temple

Caryatid

A sculptured, draped female figure used as a column

Spur Wall

A short wall that projects at a right angle from a main wall

Hypaethral

Cella open to the sky

Corinthian

A column capital that has more of a plastic/decorative feel

Acanthus

A plant that influenced the design of the Corinthian order

Stoa

An ancient Greek, long, roofed portico with columns along the front and a wall at the back

Agora

The open meeting place or market place in the city

Arcuated

Shaped or bent like an arc or bow

Arch

A curved structure, usually made of wedge-shaped stones which spans an opening