History Of Architecture Buildings 2

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Aqueduct, Pont-du-Gard, Nîmes (France)
Late 1st century B.C.E

-Best perserved aquaduct

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Trajan's Column, Rome

114 C.E

-Using column as sculpture. Showing Trajan's conquests

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Maison Carrée, Nîmes (France)

c. 19 B.C.E.

-Best preserved example of a Roman Temple

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Pantheon, Rome

118-128 C.E.

-Oculus on top, temple to all the gods

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Colosseum, Rome,

72-80 C.E.

-Roman entertainment arena

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Baths of Caracalla, Rome

212-216 C.E.

-Less function; more composition (complicated arrangement of space), Massive concrete structure

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Baths of Diocletian, Rome

298-306 CE

-Hugh arches/Grander bath/every surface ornamented

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Arch of Constantine, Rome

c. 315 C.E.

-Built to show his victories

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Trajan's Forum, Rome

98-112 C.E.

Architect: Apollodorus

-Market place

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Basilica of Constantine and Maxentius, Rome

307-after 312

-Arch was the primary unit of construction

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Great Stupa, Sanchi (India)

3rd-1st century B.C.E.

-Main symbolic building for Buddha (stupa represent universe); oldest stone structure in India

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Ajanta (India)

2nd century B.C.E.-1st century B.C.E

-Carved entrances/temples

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Great Stupa, Borobudur (Indonesia),

c. 800

-Represents primordial hill; many relief sculptures/Buddha statues

6 platform temple

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Durga Temple, Aihole (India)

6th century C.E.

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Kailasantha Temple, Ellora (India)

750-950 C.E.

-Rock-cut temple; both architecture/sculpture; home of Shiva

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Mukteswar Temple, Bhubaneswar (India)

9th century C.E.

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Angkor Wat (Cambodia)

c. 800-1400

-Paradise on Earth; Man made lake

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Great Wall (China)

221-210 B.C.E., faced and rebuilt during the 15th and 16th centuries

-Protection, went on for miles; showed man-power

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Tomb of Qin Shi Huang (China)

260-210 B.C.E.

-Terra cotta army; mercury river

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Songyue Pagoda (China)

523

-First Chinese brick pagoda

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An-chi bridge, Chou-hsien

589-617

Architect: Li Ch'un

-First free standing bridge in China. Incredible strength. Iron stone ribs

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Master of the Nets Garden, Suzhou,

1141

-Inspired by life of fisherman. Designing for the views/season (landscape architecture)

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Guanyin Pavilion, Dulesi Monastry, Jixian,

984

-Example of Dou Gong system (built high). Oldest and tallest wooden building

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Ise Shrine, Japan,

5th century

-Housed Shinto spirit. Built every 20 years

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Torii gate (Itsukushima Shinto shrine), Japan,

1168

-Vermillion color protects from evil. Gateway serves as threshold to sacred space. Access only during low tide

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Hōryū-ji Temple, Nara,

c. 607

-Asymmetric plan. Ceramic tiles on roof. Oldest set of wooden buildings

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Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), Kyoto,

1489

-Built during Japanese Classical Garden Design; islands serve as focal points in composition. Showcased 3 styles of Japanese architecture (different tiers=different styles)--> zen style, samurai, and residential

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Ryōan-ji Zen Temple and Garden, Kyoto,

c. 1450

-Dry garden; stones placed where the entire view can't see all of the stones

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Basilica of Constantine, Trier (Germany)

c. 310

-Suppose to be Constantine's throne room; constructed of brick; largest single room structure

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Basilica of St. John Lateran, Rome,

314

-Official Christian church; consisted of 5 aisles which showed different status of people.

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St. Sabina, Rome

425-432

-Built on temple of Juno. Built based on St. John. Built for the masses. Emphasized on flat plans and simple volumes

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St. Peter's, Rome

319-c. 330

-Matryium

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Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem (Palestine),

333

-Built on top of where Christ was born

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Santa Constanza, Rome,

c. 350

-Arcuated construction; Built for Constantine's daughter (mausoleum)

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San Lorenzo, Milan (Italy)

c. 370

-Carries weight of dome down and outwards

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Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey),

532-37

Architects: Anthemius of Tralles, Isidor of Miletus

-Largest cathedral in the world at the time; more attention to interior than exterior

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San Vitale, Ravenna,

526-48

-Dome resting on 8 squinches

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Monastery of Hosios Loukas, Katholikon and Theotokos churches, Phocis (Greece),

1020

-Similar to San Vitale; more fragmentation of space

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Gračanica (Kosovo),

1318-21

-Central crossing of descending vaults; early use of iron; interior much darker

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Church of the Intercession, Vladimir (Russia)

1166

-Architecture as sculpture; verticality is emphasized; interior space is tight

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St. Sophia, Kiev (Ukraine)

c. 1200

-Fairly large windows; all about fragmentation; multiple chapels within

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Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem,

691-92

-Oldest Islamic building intact; center point of 3 religions;

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Great Mosque, Damascus (Syria),

705-15

-Central court; prayer hall at one side; arches stacked on top

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Great Mosque at Cordoba (Spain)

785-987

-Was center of Arabic learning; modeled loosely from Great Mosque at Damascus; vast space of columns

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Alhambra, Granada,

c. 1000-1333

-Palace complex designed with Landscape in mind; Horshoe arch; courtyard is materialization of paradise

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