History Of Architecture Vocabulary 2

Front 1

Keystone

Back 1

a central stone at the summit of an arch, locking the whole together.

Front 2

Voussoir

Back 2

a wedge-shaped or tapered stone used to construct an arch.

Front 3

Barrel Vault

Back 3

a vault forming a half cylinder.

Front 4

Groin Vault

Back 4

produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.

Front 5

Concrete

Back 5

Made from aggregates, water, and cement

Front 6

Pozzolana

Back 6

a type of volcanic ash used for mortar or for cement that sets under water.

Front 7

Arcuated

Back 7

shaped like a bow; curved.

Front 8

Aqueduct

Back 8

an artificial channel for conveying water, typically in the form of a bridge supported by tall columns across a valley.

Front 9

Arcade

Back 9

a covered passageway with arches along one or both sides.

Front 10

Proscenium

Back 10

the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain.

Front 11

Dome

Back 11

a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

Front 12

Oculus

Back 12

denotes a circular opening in the centre of a dome or in a wall.

Front 13

Coffer

Back 13

a recessed panel in a ceiling.

Front 14

Tuscan order

Back 14

Solid column (not fluted). Simplified on base, capital, and entablature

Front 15

Roman Concrete

Back 15

Lime, Sand, Water, and Pozzolana

Front 16

Castrum

Back 16

a Roman encampment

Front 17

Pilaster

Back 17

a rectangular column, especially one projecting from a wall.

Front 18

Bath

Back 18

An area where people congregate to be clean

Front 19

Palestra

Back 19

a wrestling school or gymnasium

Front 20

Frigidarium

Back 20

large cold pool of Roman baths

Front 21

Apodyterium

Back 21

the apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, where one stripped; a dressing room.

Front 22

Composite Order

Back 22

a mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order capital with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order.

Front 23

Forum

Back 23

the marketplace or public place of an ancient Roman city forming the center of judicial and public business

Front 24

Spolia

Back 24

the re-use of earlier building material or decorative sculpture on new monuments

Front 25

Nave

Back 25

the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation

Front 26

Insula

Back 26

apartment building that housed most of the urban citizen population of ancient Rome

Front 27

Tablinum

Back 27

a room generally situated on one side of the atrium and opposite to the entrance

Front 28

Vestibule

Back 28

an antechamber, hall, or lobby next to the outer door of a building.

Front 29

Broken pediment

Back 29

a pediment, as over a doorway or window, havingits raking cornice interrupted at the crown orapex.

Front 30

Hypocaust

Back 30

a hollow space under the floor of an ancient Roman building, into which hot air was sent for heating a room or bath.

Front 31

Tepidarium

Back 31

the warm (tepidus) bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system

Front 32

Caldarium

Back 32

a room with a hot plunge bath, used in a Roman bath complex

Front 33

Exedra

Back 33

a room, portico, or arcade with a bench or seats where people may converse,

Front 34

Triumphal Arch

Back 34

a monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road.

Front 35

Basilica

Back 35

a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.

Front 36

Domus

Back 36

type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras.

Front 37

Atrium

Back 37

an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.

Front 38

Roman Emperors

Back 38

Trajan: 98-117

Hadrian: 117-138

Marcus Aurelius: 161-180

Caracalla: 211-217

Diocletian: 284-305

Maxentius: 306-312

Constantine: 307-337

Front 39

Buddhism

Back 39

a religion of eastern and central Asia growing out of the teaching of Gautama Buddha that suffering is inherent in life and that one can be liberated from it by mental and moral self-purification.

Front 40

Hinduism

Back 40

the dominant religion of India that emphasizes dharma with its resulting ritual and social observances and often mystical contemplation and ascetic practices

Front 41

Khmer

Back 41

a member of a people of Cambodia, noted for acivilization that flourished from about 800 ad toabout 1370, remarkable for its architecture

Front 42

Stupa

Back 42

a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine.

Front 43

Torana

Back 43

a gateway having two or three lintels between twoposts.

Front 44

Balustrade

Back 44

a railing supported by balusters, especially an ornamental parapet on a balcony, bridge, or terrace.

Front 45

Pradakshina

Back 45

circumambulation of sacred places

Front 46

Chaitya

Back 46

a Buddhist shrine or prayer hall with a stupa at one end.

Front 47

Ambulatory

Back 47

a place for walking, especially an aisle around the apse or a cloister in a church or monastery.

Front 48

Vihari

Back 48

Sanskrit term for Buddhist monastery (residence for monks

Front 49

Sikhara

Back 49

Mountain peak--> rising tower in Hindu temple

Front 50

Vastuvidya

Back 50

dont know

Front 51

Mandala

Back 51

a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism.

Front 52

Plinth

Back 52

a heavy base supporting a statue or vase.

Front 53

Gopuram

Back 53

a monumental tower, usually ornate, at the entrance of any temple, especially in Southern India.

Front 54

Quincunx

Back 54

an arrangement of five objects with four at the corners of a square or rectangle and the fifth at its center, used for the five on dice or playing cards, and in planting trees.

Front 55

Crenellated

Back 55

provide (a wall of a building) with battlements.

Front 56

Battlement

Back 56

Gaps within a crenellated wall (to put weapons in)

Front 57

Spandrel

Back 57

the space between the shoulders of adjoining arches and the ceiling or molding above.

Front 58

Pagoda

Back 58

tiered tower

Front 59

Bay

Back 59

The space between columns

Front 60

Hipped Roof

Back 60

a roof with all the ends inclined, as well as the sides.

Front 61

Dougong (tou-kung) Bracket System

Back 61

stacking of cantilevered brackets on top of one another

Front 62

Ang

Back 62

pointed inclined shape

Front 63

Gong

Back 63

bow-shaped brackets

Front 64

Dou

Back 64

large wooden block

Front 65

Shinto

Back 65

form of animism

Front 66

Torii

Back 66

the gateway of a Shinto shrine

Front 67

Honden

Back 67

Most sacred building in Shinto shrines

Front 68

Picturesque massing and composition

Back 68

19th century word= irregular masses that balance each other yet interest the eyes.

Front 69

Tatami

Back 69

help for seating people when drinking tea

Front 70

Titulus

Back 70

an inscription on a building/side of a door

Front 71

Catacomb

Back 71

an underground cemetery

Front 72

Atrium

Back 72

an open-roofed entrance hall or central court in an ancient Roman house.

Front 73

Choir

Back 73

area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and choir

Front 74

Transept

Back 74

the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave.

Front 75

Aisle

Back 75

a lower part parallel to and at the side of a nave, choir, or transept, from which it is divided by pillars.

Front 76

Campanile

Back 76

an Italian bell tower, especially a freestanding one.

Front 77

Matryium

Back 77

Tomb of a saint

Front 78

Centrally-planned

Back 78

everything is based on a central point

Front 79

Rotunda

Back 79

a round building or room, especially one with a dome.

Front 80

Pulpit

Back 80

a raised platform or lectern in a church or chapel from which the preacher delivers a sermon.

Front 81

Basilica

Back 81

a large oblong hall or building with double colonnades and a semicircular apse, used in ancient Rome as a court of law or for public assemblies.

Front 82

Narthex

Back 82

Transition between the exterior of building to interior

Front 83

Nave

Back 83

the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation.

Front 84

Apse

Back 84

a large semicircular or polygonal recess in a church, arched or with a domed roof, typically at the eastern end, and usually containing the altar.

Front 85

Latin Cross

Back 85

When transept extends thus creating a cross

Front 86

Squinch

Back 86

a straight or arched structure across an interior angle of a square tower to carry a dome.

Front 87

Pendentive

Back 87

a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches.

Front 88

Drum

Back 88

upright part of a building on which a dome is raised

Front 89

Gallery

Back 89

any covered passage that is open at one side, such as a portico or a colonnade

Front 90

Exonarthex

Back 90

a covered walk, vestibule, or narthex situated before a narthex; anouter narthex.

Front 91

Cross-in-square plan

Back 91

a square centre with an internal structure shaped like a cross, topped by a dome

Front 92

Crossing

Back 92

the junction of the four arms of a cruciform (cross-shaped) church

Front 93

Revetment

Back 93

a layer of stone, concrete, or other hard material supporting the side of an embankment.

Front 94

Onion Dome

Back 94

a dome that bulges in the middle and rises to a point, used especially in Russian church architecture.

Front 95

Visigoths

Back 95

a member of the branch of the Goths who invaded the Roman Empire between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD and ruled much of Spain until overthrown by the Moors

Front 96

Moors

Back 96

a member of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. In the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula

Front 97

Qibla

Back 97

the direction of the Kaaba (the sacred building at Mecca), to which Muslims turn at prayer.

Front 98

Mihrab

Back 98

a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.

Front 99

Arabesque

Back 99

an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration.

Front 100

Minaret

Back 100

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.