History Midterm

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Columbian Exchange

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The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.

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“Starving Time”

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The Starving Time refers to the winter of 1609–1610 when about three-quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died of starvation or starvation-related diseases.

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Anne Hutchinson

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Anne Hutchinson, born Anne Marbury (1591–1643), was a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638.

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Barbadian Slave Code

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The Barbados Slave Code of 1661 was a law passed by the colonial English legislature to provide a legal base for slavery in the Caribbean island of Barbados.

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Maroons

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Maroons (from the Latin American Spanish word cimarrón: "feral animal, fugitive, runaway") were Africans who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements. The term can also be applied to their descendants.

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“New Lights”

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led by Jonathan Edwards

split the Congregational establishment in New England

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Stamp Act Congress

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meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765 in New York City

it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation

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Treaty of Paris, 1783

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The Treaty of Paris of 1783, negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence. The Continental Congress named a five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Henry Laurens.

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Judith Sargent Murray

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was an early American advocate for women's rights, an essayist, playwright, poet, and letter writer.

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Slavery and theConstitution

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The Constitution that the delegates proposed included several provisions that explicity recognized and protected slavery. Without these provisions, southern delegates would not support the newConstitution--and without the southern states on board, the Constitution had no chance of being ratified.

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The Black Legend

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is a style of nonobjective historical writing or propaganda that demonizes theSpanish Empire, its people and its culture in an intentional attempt to damage its reputation.

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Indentured Servants

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was a labor system in which people paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years. It was widely employed in the 18th century in the British colonies in North America and elsewhere

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Pequots

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an armed conflict between thePequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies

which occurred between 1634 and 1638.

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The Westo War

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war between carolinians and the westo native american tribe

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James Oglethorpe

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military leader established georgia

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Salutary Neglect

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Britain's unofficial policy, initiated by prime minister Robert Walpole , to relax the enforcement of strict regulations, particularly trade laws, imposed on the American colonies late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth centuries.

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The “Middle Ground”

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The area of French and Indian cooperation west of Niagra and south of the Great Lakes. No one exercised sovereign power over this area, but the French used Indian rituals to negotiate treaties with their Algonquian trading partners, first against the Iroquois and later against the British.

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Daughters of Liberty

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a successful Colonial American group, established in the year 1765, that consisted of women who displayed their loyalty by participating in boycotts of British goods following the passage of the Townshend Acts.

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Lord Dunmore’s “diabolical scheme”

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announced to free slaves that left plantations to join his army

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The Great Compromise

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saved the Constitutional Convention, and, probably, the Union. Authored by Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman, it called for proportional representation in the House, and one representative per state in the Senate

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Peter Stuyvesant

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served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York.

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Bible Commonwealth

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a Christian theocratic political economy such as those of the Puritan colonies of Massachusetts Bay and New Haven, Connecticut. There, laws intended for the common good were based on the Bible and the right to vote was limited to church members.

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Father Jean de Brébeuf

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was a French Jesuitmissionary who travelled to New France(Canada) in 1625. There he worked primarily with the Huron for the rest of his life, except for a few years in France from 1629 to 1633. He learned their language and culture, writing extensively about each to aid other missionaries.

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navigation acts

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were a series of laws that restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between every country except Britain. This ended 200 years later.

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Stono Rebellion

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was a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 42-47 whites and 44 blacks killed.

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Deism

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The belief that God has created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural laws. Deismthus rejects the supernatural aspects of religion, such as belief in revelation in the Bible, and stresses the importance of ethical conduct.

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Treaty of Paris, 1763

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ended the French andIndian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.

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First Continental Congress

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was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that met on September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.

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Benjamin Rush

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was a civic leader in Philadelphia, where he was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.