.history I Study Guide (Ch. 8 Quiz)

Front 1

1. It was over the title of the _________ that Federalists wanted a “courtly” protocol and the Republicans a more “earthy” one. In the end, Congress settled on “Mr. _________.” [264]

CW – 27A – The Federalists wanted to call him “His Elective Highness,” “His Most Benign Highness,” or “His Majesty.” [a.1]

CW – 6D – The First Congress decided to address the chief executive as “______ President.” [a.1]

Back 1

It was over the title of the (PRESIDENT) that Federalists wanted a “courtly” protocol and the Republicans a more “earthy” one. In the end, Congress settled on “Mr. (PRESIDENT).” [264]

CW – 27A – The Federalists wanted to call him “His Elective Highness,” “His Most Benign Highness,” or “His Majesty.” [a.1] – President

CW – 6D – The First Congress decided to address the chief executive as “(MISTER) President.” [a.1]

Front 2

2. The Bill of ______ consumed the attention of James _______ (Speaker of the House) and the First Congress, 1790. [265]

Back 2

The Bill of (RIGHTS) consumed the attention of James (MADISON) (Speaker of the House) and the First Congress, 1790. [265]

Front 3

3. The 1789 _________ Act established the _______ Court. [265]

CW – 28D – The 1789 Judiciary Act established the _______ Court (6 judges) and 13 district courts. [a.3]

Back 3

The 1789 (JUDICIARY) Act established the (SUPREME) Court. [265]

CW – 28D – The 1789 Judiciary Act established the (SUPREME) Court (6 judges) and 13 district courts. [a.3]

Front 4

4. In his 1790 Report on the Public ______, Treasury Secretary Alexander ________ wanted to consolidate all debts – foreign, state, and private – in the Federal government, thus attracting future investors to the new republic. [267]

CW – 21A – The 1st U.S. Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton, hoped that the offering of a national debt would attract men of ______ to Federal securities, thus tying their interests to the solvency of the government. It was a brilliant plan. [a.4]

CW – 24A – Hamilton’s Report on Public ______ (1791) showed that the U.S. government owed about $61 million to foreigners and American citizens who had extended loans to the Continental Congress to fight the Revolution. [a.4]

Back 4

In his 1790 Report on the Public (CREDIT), Treasury Secretary Alexander (HAMILTON) wanted to consolidate all debts – foreign, state, and private – in the Federal government, thus attracting future investors to the new republic. [267]

CW – 21A – The 1st U.S. Treasury Secretary, Alexander Hamilton, hoped that the offering of a national debt would attract men of (WEALTH) to Federal securities, thus tying their interests to the solvency of the government. It was a brilliant plan. [a.4]

CW – 24A – Hamilton’s Report on Public (CREDIT) (1791) showed that the U.S. government owed about $61 million to foreigners and American citizens who had extended loans to the Continental Congress to fight the Revolution. [a.4]

Front 5

5. Congress charted the ____ of the ______ ______ in 1791 to store federal funds. [267]

CW – 22D – Those who invested in the ____ of the United States were paid in government securities, enhancing value and binding elites to the government’s financial policies. [a.5]

CW – 29D – Jefferson believed that since Virginia had paid off most of its Revolutionary War loans, it would be subsidizing New England’s still sizeable ____ should the Hamilton’s national financial plan be adopted. [a.4 – a.5]

CW – 34D – Stands for “Bank of the United States,” which came into existence in 1791. Democrat-Republicans were suspicious of this monied institution. Federalists viewed it as essential to regulate America currency and credit and to store government deposits. [a.5]

Back 5

Congress charted the (BANK) of the (UNITED STATES) in 1791 to store federal funds. [267]

CW – 22D – Those who invested in the (BANK) of the United States were paid in government securities, enhancing value and binding elites to the government’s financial policies. [a.5]

CW – 29D – Jefferson believed that since Virginia had paid off most of its Revolutionary War loans, it would be subsidizing New England’s still sizeable (DEBT) should the Hamilton’s national financial plan be adopted. [a.4 – a.5]

CW – 34D – Stands for “Bank of the United States,” which came into existence in 1791. Democrat-Republicans were suspicious of this monied institution. Federalists viewed it as essential to regulate America currency and credit and to store government deposits. [a.5] – BUS

Front 6

6. Congressmen and influential leaders from the state of ________ opposed Hamilton’s debt funding scheme. The compromise was that in exchange for chartering the public and assumption of public debt, the capitol of the United States would be moved from ____________ to __________ __. [267 – 268]

Back 6

Congressmen and influential leaders from the state of ________ opposed Hamilton’s debt funding scheme. The compromise was that in exchange for chartering the public and assumption of public debt, the capitol of the United States would be moved from (PHILIDELPHIA) to (WASHINGTON D.C.). [267 – 268]

Front 7

7. How did debate over the army symbolize the competing visions of the Federalists vs. Republicans? [L]

CW – 23D – The Federalists believed this institution would add to the prestige of the national government. It might also “suppress domestic insurrection” and got a chance to do so in the Whiskey Rebellion, 1794. [a.7]

Back 7

How did debate over the army symbolize the competing visions of the Federalists vs. Republicans? [L]

Debate over army and navy; where to put military power?
Democrat-Republican – State Militia; Standing armies are tools of dictators to rob the peoples liberties.
Federalists – National (permanent) army; Armies are tools of statecraft; Suppress domestic rebellion.
Compromise – President may “federalize” militia for 90 days; Federal Judge must certify rebellion exists if army (Federal Militia) to be used against own people (1795) Whiskey Rebellion – Pennsylvania, Excise Tax, Army led by Washington and Hamilton, Rebellion fizzled, 13,000 men (bad behavior, no discipline).

CW – 23D – The Federalists believed this institution would add to the prestige of the national government. It might also “suppress domestic insurrection” and got a chance to do so in the Whiskey Rebellion, 1794. [a.7] – Army

Front 8

8. Compare the competing views of Hamilton and Jefferson. [I]

CW – 38A – Whereas the Jeffersonians believed the future of the nation lay with agriculture, the Federalists believed it lay with ________. [a.8]

CW – 57A – The Democrat-Republicans were convinced that American virtues would only survive if the United States expanded as an ________ republic. Hint: agriculture. [a.8]

CW – 36D – Democrat-Republicans favored this country because they believed its 1789 revolution extended republican forms of government at the expense of monarchy. Jefferson, its most ardent supporter, became a little skeptical when Napoleon seized power in 1799. [a.8]

Back 8

Compare the competing views of Hamilton and Jefferson. [I]

CW – 38A – Whereas the Jeffersonians believed the future of the nation lay with agriculture, the Federalists believed it lay with (). [a.8]

CW – 57A – The Democrat-Republicans were convinced that American virtues would only survive if the United States expanded as an () republic. Hint: agriculture. [a.8]

CW – 36D – Democrat-Republicans favored this country because they believed its 1789 revolution extended republican forms of government at the expense of monarchy. Jefferson, its most ardent supporter, became a little skeptical when Napoleon seized power in 1799. [a.8] – France

Front 9

9. By the mid 1790’s, two parties had emerged in the 1st two-party face-off, the Democrat-___________ and the ___________. [I]

CW – 35D – The party opposed to the Democrat-Republicans. [a.9]

Back 9

By the mid 1790’s, two parties had emerged in the 1st two-party face-off, the Democrat-(REPUBLICANS) and the (FEDERALISTS). [I]

CW – 35D – The party opposed to the Democrat-Republicans. [a.9] – The Federalists

Front 10

1. Citizen Edmond _____ caused a stir in the United States in 1793 when he tried to rally support for the new revolutionary government of ______ despite Washington’s policy of U.S. neutrality. [270]

CW – 37A – Edmund _____ caused a stir by entering the United States in 1793. Without consent from President Washington, this French agent tried to enlist American support for revolutionary France against Great Britain. [b.1]

Back 10

Citizen Edmond (GENET) caused a stir in the United States in 1793 when he tried to rally support for the new revolutionary government of (FRANCE) despite Washington’s policy of U.S. neutrality. [270]

CW – 37A – Edmund (GENET) caused a stir by entering the United States in 1793. Without consent from President Washington, this French agent tried to enlist American support for revolutionary France against Great Britain. [b.1]

Front 11

2. ____ Treaty of 1794 followed Anthony Wayne’s defeat of the Indians at the Battle of ______ _______ (20 August.) Britain promised to evacuate forts in the Old Northwest, but refused to cease impressments of American seamen or to compensate slave owners for slaves evacuated during the Revolution, and limited U.S. vessels to 70 tons weight and restricted cargo (cotton, sugar, molasses) entering the West ______. Did Americans think this treaty fair? [272]

CW – 45D – This 1794 treaty required a British withdrawal from the Great Lakes region, but still forced the U.S. to accept British policy with regards to the West Indian trade. [b.2]

Back 11

(JAY’S) Treaty of 1794 followed Anthony Wayne’s defeat of the Indians at the Battle of (FALLEN TIMBERS) (20 August.) Britain promised to evacuate forts in the Old Northwest, but refused to cease impressments of American seamen or to compensate slave owners for slaves evacuated during the Revolution, and limited U.S. vessels to 70 tons weight and restricted cargo (cotton, sugar, molasses) entering the West (INDIES). Did Americans think this treaty fair? [272]

CW – 45D – This 1794 treaty required a British withdrawal from the Great Lakes region, but still forced the U.S. to accept British policy with regards to the West Indian trade. [b.2]

Front 12

3. In ________ Treaty (1795), the country of _____ granted the U.S. “rights of deposit and discharge” at the city of ___ _______. [272]

CW – 18A – ______ Pickney was the envoy who negotiated for U.S. rights of deposit and discharge through New Orleans in 1796. The treaty was to be renewed every 10 years. [b.3]

Back 12

In (PINCKNEY) Treaty (1795), the country of (SPAIN) granted the U.S. “rights of deposit and discharge” at the city of (NEW ORLEANS). [272]

CW – 18A – ______ Pickney was the envoy who negotiated for U.S. rights of deposit and discharge through New Orleans in 1796. The treaty was to be renewed every 10 years. [b.3]

Front 13

1. How did Jefferson’s inauguration differ from Washington’s 11 years earlier?

CW – 41A – The simplicity of Jefferson’s inauguration in 1800 contrasted sharply with the regal ________ of the preceding administration. [c.1]

CW – 43D – Third U.S. president who cam to power in the “Revolution of 1800.” He believed that he saved the country from the aristocratic Federalists who wished to create an elaborate and intimidating government. [c.1]

Back 13

How did Jefferson’s inauguration differ from Washington’s 11 years earlier? – Very simple and informal.

CW – 41A – The simplicity of Jefferson’s inauguration in 1800 contrasted sharply with the regal (________) of the preceding administration. [c.1]

CW – 43D – Third U.S. president who cam to power in the “Revolution of 1800.” He believed that he saved the country from the aristocratic Federalists who wished to create an elaborate and intimidating government. [c.1]

Front 14

2. Did Jefferson embrace an “expansive” view of federal power or a stricter view of power to the states. [277]

CW – 55A – Jefferson took a ________ view of his powers under the Constitution. [c.2]

Back 14

Did Jefferson embrace an “expansive” view of federal power or a stricter view of power to the states. [277]

“Wise and frugal” stricter view of power to the states.

CW – 55A – Jefferson took a (STRICTER) view of his powers under the Constitution. [c.2]

Front 15

3. Define “republican.” [L]

CW – 8A – Early republicanism stressed _____________. Usually this translated into personal opportunity. This aspect of our founding habits remains with the nation today.

CW - _____ virtue obtained currency in early republican ideology. Political office was a duty, not an opportunity. [c.3]

Back 15

Define “republican.” [L] - Republicanism was the ideology of the revolutionary generation and it still defines what Americans believe today. Republicanism is more than a particular type of political organization; it is a way of life. Its basic tenets are listed below:

1. The term republicanism is derived from the Roman Republic. The Founding Fathers read the words of Roman writers and wanted to establish a republic of their own.
2. The republican spirit entailed civic virtue. Leaders of the nation were to be men of high character, above partisan bias. They would serve selflessly in government then return to private life. No one ever thought there would be professional politicians. The people of our early republic generally believed that some men were more fit to serve by virtue of education.
3. Republican government was anti-monarchy.
4. The people of a republic were to be free from bad influences, which included despotism , city life, and wage earning.
5. A republican people were self-sufficient and independent.
6. Merit--not blood and patronage--determined promotion and recognition in a republic.
7. Farm life was the surest path to self-suffiency and the building of moral character.
8. Until the formation of the United States under the 1787 Constitution, it was believed that republics had to be small.

CW – 8A – Early republicanism stressed (INDIVIDUALISM). Usually this translated into personal opportunity. This aspect of our founding habits remains with the nation today.

CW – (Civic) virtue obtained currency in early republican ideology. Political office was a duty, not an opportunity. [c.3]

Front 16

4. Did Jefferson enlarge or reduce the size of the Federal bureaucracy?

CW – 59A – Pick one: During Jefferson’s administration (1800 - 1808) the Federal bureaucracy grew smaller or larger? [c.4]

Back 16

Did Jefferson enlarge or reduce the size of the Federal bureaucracy? – Reduce

CW – 59A – Pick one: During Jefferson’s administration (1800 - 1808) the Federal bureaucracy grew smaller or larger? [c.4] – Smaller

Front 17

5. Jefferson considered state ________ the 1st line of defense for the U.S. [278]

Back 17

Jefferson considered state (MILITIA’S) the 1st line of defense for the U.S. [278]

Front 18

6. Between 1800 – 1808 Jefferson reduced the national debt from $80 million to $__ _______. [278]

CW – 60A – Between 1800 – 1808 the administration of Thomas Jefferson reduced the national debt from $80 million to $__ million. [c.6]

CW – 26D – At first, renewed war in Europe benefited American trade. By 1807 U.S. exports to Europe topped the $100 _______. [c.6]

Back 18

Between 1800 – 1808 Jefferson reduced the national debt from $80 million to ($57 MILLION). [278]

CW – 60A – Between 1800 – 1808 the administration of Thomas Jefferson reduced the national debt from $80 million to $(57) million. [c.6]

CW – 26D – At first, renewed war in Europe benefited American trade. By 1807 U.S. exports to Europe topped the $100 (MILLION). [c.6]

Front 19

7. What 1801 act limited the number of appointments Jefferson could make to the Federal court system? [279]

CW – 15A – This 1801 act crimped Jefferson’s ability to appoint new judges to the Supreme Court, ensuring that Federalist rulings would continue. [c.7]

Back 19

What 1801 act limited the number of appointments Jefferson could make to the Federal court system? [279] (JUDICIARY ACT)

CW – 15A – This 1801 act crimped Jefferson’s ability to appoint new judges to the Supreme Court, ensuring that Federalist rulings would continue. [c.7] (JUDICIARY)

Front 20

8. Federalist John ________ was the Supreme Court judge who ruled in _______ v. _______ (1803) that the Supreme Court had the power of judicial ______ of all federal laws. [280]

CW – 2D – Judicial ______ is the process by which the Supreme Court reserved the right to assess the constitutionality of acts of Congress (Marbury v. Madison [1803]). It was only invoked one other time during our History 1301 period before the Civil War: The Dred Scott Case of 1857. [c.8]

CW – 14D – The commissions of these judges named after 12 o’clock were signed by outgoing Federalist president John Adams in 1801. [c.8]

CW – 30D – Chief justice of the Supreme Court (1801 - 1835) whose Federalist tendencies ensured judicial review and sanctity of contract law in the U.S. [c.8]

Back 20

Federalist John (MARSHALL) was the Supreme Court judge who ruled in (MARBURY) v. (MADISON) (1803) that the Supreme Court had the power of judicial (REVIEW) of all federal laws. [280]

CW – 2D – Judicial (REVIEW) is the process by which the Supreme Court reserved the right to assess the constitutionality of acts of Congress (Marbury v. Madison [1803]). It was only invoked one other time during our History 1301 period before the Civil War: The Dred Scott Case of 1857. [c.8]

CW – 14D – The commissions of these judges named after 12 o’clock were signed by outgoing Federalist president John Adams in 1801. [c.8]

CW – 30D – Chief justice of the Supreme Court (1801 – 1835) whose Federalist tendencies ensured judicial review and sanctity of contract law in the U.S. [c.8] – John Marshall

Front 21

9. In 1803, the U.S. purchased the _________ territory.
Why did Napoleon sell?
How much did it cost? [281]

CW – 11A – L’ _________ was a slave-general who led a revolt on Santo Domingo (now Haiti) in 1804 that doused Napoleon’s ambition to restore a French presence in North America. He died in French prison but brought into existence the 2nd oldest republic in the western hemisphere. Slaveholders prevented American recognition of the sister republic for 40 years. [c.9; pg. 369]

CW – 62A – An 1803 slave revolt on St. Domingo _____ forced him to give up on the idea of restoring French power to North America, and he needed to refill his war chest to fight England. Therefore he sold Louisiana territory for $15 million (about $3M paid American claims against France). [c.9]

Back 21

In 1803, the U.S. purchased the (LOUISIANA) territory.

Why did Napoleon sell? – Another war between Britain and France seemed imminent; Napolean repeatedly chanted “damn sugar, damn coffee, damn colonies”.

How much did it cost? – $15 Million

CW – 11A – L’ (OUVERTURE) was a slave-general who led a revolt on Santo Domingo (now Haiti) in 1804 that doused Napoleon’s ambition to restore a French presence in North America. He died in French prison but brought into existence the 2nd oldest republic in the western hemisphere. Slaveholders prevented American recognition of the sister republic for 40 years. [c.9; pg. 369]

CW – 62A – An 1803 slave revolt on St. Domingo (HAITI) forced him to give up on the idea of restoring French power to North America, and he needed to refill his war chest to fight England. Therefore he sold Louisiana territory for $15 million (about $3M paid American claims against France). [c.9] – Napoleon

Front 22

10. How did the Louisiana Purchase promote national security? [281]

CW – 7D – Its purchase in 1803 reduced U.S. defense expenditures by obviating the need for soldiers stationed along the Mississippi River previously protecting American claims from Spanish encroachment. [c.10]

Back 22

How did the Louisiana Purchase promote national security? [281] – Reduced military expenditures and enhanced national security along the western border.

CW – 7D – Its purchase in 1803 reduced U.S. defense expenditures by obviating the need for soldiers stationed along the Mississippi River previously protecting American claims from Spanish encroachment. [c.10] – Louisiana Purchase

Front 23

1. Cite 2 agricultural and re-export statistics that show the U.S. was benefiting from Europe’s wars between 1803 – 1807:

a. Agricultural exports topped the $____ million dollar mark.
b. The _________ trade tripled in value.

CW – 49A – High consumption in Europe raised the export value of U.S. ____ stuffs and plantation staples from $66 million to $102 million between 1793 – 1807. [d.1]

Back 23

Cite 2 agricultural and re-export statistics that show the U.S. was benefiting from Europe’s wars between 1803 – 1807:

a. Agricultural exports topped the $(102.2) million dollar mark.
b. The (REEXPORTS) trade tripled in value.

CW – 49A – High consumption in Europe raised the export value of U.S. (FOOD) stuffs and plantation staples from $66 million to $102 million between 1793 – 1807. [d.1]

Front 24

2. Naval supremacy let Great _______ declare an _____ in _______ (1806) that blockaded ports and prohibited trade with European countries controlled by __________/______. [283]

CW – 33D – The 1805 _____ Decision made it illegal for American shippers to re-export to France. [d.2]

Back 24

Naval supremacy let Great (BRITAIN) declare an (ORDER) in (COUNCIL) (1806) that blockaded ports and prohibited trade with European countries controlled by (NAPOLEON/FRANCE). [283]

CW – 33D – The 1805 (ESSEX) Decision made it illegal for American shippers to re-export to France. [d.2]

Front 25

3. Napoleon’s control of Europe countered the British blockade in the _____ decree (1807), which stated any ship that allowed itself to be searched by a British warship could be subject to seizure by ______. [283]

CW – 22A – One of two 1806 decrees in which Napoleon tried to inhibit U.S. trade with Britain. [d.3]

Back 25

Napoleon’s control of Europe countered the British blockade in the (MILAN) decree (1807), which stated any ship that allowed itself to be searched by a British warship could be subject to seizure by (FRANCE). [283]

CW – 22A – One of two 1806 decrees in which Napoleon tried to inhibit U.S. trade with Britain. [d.3] – Berlin (the other was Milan)

Front 26

4. By conservative estimate, the Royal Navy “pressed” about _ thousand Americans between 1803 – 1812. [283]

CW – 41D – Royal Navy _____ gangs forced at least 6,000 Americans to serve in the fleet by 1812. [d.4]

Back 26

By conservative estimate, the Royal Navy “pressed” about (6) thousand Americans between 1803 – 1812. [283]

CW – 41D – Royal Navy (PRESS) gangs forced at least 6,000 Americans to serve in the fleet by 1812. [d.4]

Front 27

5. In 1807, the Congress attempted to implement Jefferson’s policy “_________ coercion” by passing the _______ Act. [284]

CW – 3A – Jefferson hoped to bring Britain and France to their senses through “________ ________”.

CW – 12A – The United States insisted on rights of _______ shipping.

CW – 33A – This 1807 act forbade U.S. trade with any nation in the world. Seriously hurt economy but hardly fazed Britain and France. [d.5]

Back 27

In 1807, the Congress attempted to implement Jefferson’s policy “(PEACEABLE) coercion” by passing the (EMBARGO) Act. [284]

CW – 3A– Jefferson hoped to bring Britain and France to their senses through “(PEACEABLE COERCION)”.

CW – 12A– The United States insisted on rights of (NEUTRAL) shipping.

CW – 33A – This 1807 act forbade U.S. trade with any nation in the world. Seriously hurt economy but hardly fazed Britain and France. [d.5] – Embargo Act

Front 28

6. Were Britain and France “coerced” into recognizing American demands to re-open trade? [284 – 285]

CW – 58D – The ___-Intercourse Act (1809) reopened trade with other nations but retained the embargo against Britain and France. Again, economic measures failed to induce these warring nations to relent against American trade. [d.6]

CW – 1D – American policy makers were _________ that Europe was heavily dependent on American foodstuffs and would therefore respect U.S. neutrality. They were wrong as England and France found other sources of supply. [d.6]

Back 28

Were Britain and France “coerced” into recognizing American demands to re-open trade? [284 – 285] – No, it led to war.

CW – 58D – The (NON)-Intercourse Act (1809) reopened trade with other nations but retained the embargo against Britain and France. Again, economic measures failed to induce these warring nations to relent against American trade. [d.6]

CW – 1D – American policy makers were _________ that Europe was heavily dependent on American foodstuffs and would therefore respect U.S. neutrality. They were wrong as England and France found other sources of supply. [d.6]

Front 29

7. Explain why the U.S. went to war against England instead of France in 1812. [285]

CW – 10D – Europe’s preoccupation with the French invasion of this empire presented an excellent time for a U.S. declaration of war against England. [d.7]

CW – 17D – The U.S. declared war on Britain after French foreign minister Duc de ______ tricked the Madison administration into thinking Napoleon had revoked the Berlin and Milan decrees when in fact he had not. [d.7]

Back 29

Explain why the U.S. went to war against England instead of France in 1812. [285] –

CW – 10D – Europe’s preoccupation with the French invasion of this empire presented an excellent time for a U.S. declaration of war against England. [d.7]

CW – 17D – The U.S. declared war on Britain after French foreign minister Duc de (CADORE) tricked the Madison administration into thinking Napoleon had revoked the Berlin and Milan decrees when in fact he had not. [d.7]

Front 30

8. When war cam in June 1812, Congressmen from the west and south who clamored for war were called the “War _____ of 1812.” [285 – 286]

CW – 20A – The “War _____” of 1812 were typically young southern and western nationalists who supported war against England. [d.8]

CW – 54A – Speaker of the House from Kentucky. His War Hawk faction won control of Congress by 1811. [d.8]

CW – 61A – York congressman Peter B. Porter was a War Hawk representing the strategically critical Niagara district on the Canadian border. [d.8]

CW – 16D – A representative of South Carolina, he was one of the War Hawks of 1812. One of the most influential statesmen of the 19th century. As Secretary of War (1817 – 1823), he tried to create an “expandable army” (full-staffing of officers to be filled by quick enlistments to full-strength regiments) but Congress rejected the plan. He later used Kentucky and Virginia Resolves (1898) as the basis of his evolving state’s rights theory after 1830. [d.8]

Back 30

When war cam in June 1812, Congressmen from the west and south who clamored for war were called the “War (HAWKS) of 1812.” [285 – 286]

CW – 20A – The “War (HAWKS)” of 1812 were typically young southern and western nationalists who supported war against England. [d.8]

CW – 54A – Speaker of the House from Kentucky. His War Hawk faction won control of Congress by 1811. [d.8] – Clay

CW – 61A – York congressman Peter B. Porter was a War Hawk representing the strategically critical Niagara district on the Canadian border. [d.8] – Yes

CW – 16D – A representative of South Carolina, he was one of the War Hawks of 1812. One of the most influential statesmen of the 19th century. As Secretary of War (1817 – 1823), he tried to create an “expandable army” (full-staffing of officers to be filled by quick enlistments to full-strength regiments) but Congress rejected the plan. He later used Kentucky and Virginia Resolves (1898) as the basis of his evolving state’s rights theory after 1830. [d.8] – Calhoun

Front 31

9. What did “land hunger,” Indians, and maritime grievances have to do with the origins of the War of 1812? [L]

CW – 42D – ____ hunger among westerners and southerners was one cause of the War of 1812. Westerners believed British agents were enticing the Indians to fight white settlers. The charges were largely true: Britain still had fur interests in the Transappalachian region. [d.9]

Back 31

What did “land hunger,” Indians, and maritime grievances have to do with the origins of the War of 1812? [L] – The War of 1812 had many causes. Unresolved issues left over from the American Revolution and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars raised the anxieties within the young American republic. Historians have cited the following reasons:
1. Land Hunger . Northern, Southern, and Western "War Hawks" sought the removal of Spain in Florida, and Britain from the Old North West.
2. Indian Menace. Many westerners believed British agents were stirring up the Indians.
3. Maritime Grievances. British press crews had kidnapped 6,000 sailors by 1812. Assaults on the high seas struck at American honor, and hurt trade. Westerners and southerners also believed the British interference hurt American grain exports.

CW – 42D – (LAND) hunger among westerners and southerners was one cause of the War of 1812. Westerners believed British agents were enticing the Indians to fight white settlers. The charges were largely true: Britain still had fur interests in the Trans-appalachian region. [d.9]

Front 32

10. What was American strategy for the War of 1812? [L]

CW – 19A – Because the U.S. could not hope to match the British at sea, a land invasion of this northern neighbor was the best strategic alternative. Unfortunately, American performance on land yielded few military successes. [d.10]

CW – 40A – He surrendered Ft. Detroit in 1812 to British general Isaac Brock and his Indian allies. Cashiered from the army for cowardice. [d.10; pg. 287]

CW – 53A – Control of the Great _____ was important during the War of 1812. Britain hoped to obtain the south shores; the U.S. wanted to assert control in order to cut British support to pro-British tribes like the Shawnee and Potawatomi. Oliver H. Perry’s victory in the Battle of Lake Erie (1813) assured that British ambitions would be confined to lower Canada. [d.10-11]

Back 32

What was American strategy for the War of 1812? [L] –

CW – 19A – Because the U.S. could not hope to match the British at sea, a land invasion of this northern neighbor was the best strategic alternative. Unfortunately, American performance on land yielded few military successes. [d.10] – Canada

CW – 40A – He surrendered Ft. Detroit in 1812 to British general Isaac Brock and his Indian allies. Cashiered from the army for cowardice. [d.10; pg. 287] – Hull

CW – 53A – Control of the Great (LAKES) was important during the War of 1812. Britain hoped to obtain the south shores; the U.S. wanted to assert control in order to cut British support to pro-British tribes like the Shawnee and Potawatomi. Oliver H. Perry’s victory in the Battle of Lake Erie (1813) assured that British ambitions would be confined to lower Canada. [d.10-11]

Front 33

11. What was British strategy for the War of 1812? [L]

CW – 21D – British troops burned this city in 1814 in retaliation for the American burning of York, Canada, the previous year. [d.11]

CW – 56D – Ft. Mc _____ guarded Baltimore harbor. British warships bombarded it but amid the “rockets’ red glare,” the fort held out. [d.11]

Back 33

What was British strategy for the War of 1812? [L] –

CW – 21D – British troops burned this city in 1814 in retaliation for the American burning of York, Canada, the previous year. [d.11] – Washington

CW – 56D – Ft. Mc _____ guarded Baltimore harbor. British warships bombarded it but amid the “rockets’ red glare,” the fort held out. [d.11]

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12. Shawnee chief ________ attempted to rally various tribes behind British power in North America. What was his fate? [288]

CW – 47D – Shawnee chief who tried to unify the woodlands Indians against American expansion. Died fighting alongside British troops at the Battle of the Thames, 1813. [d.12]

Back 34

Shawnee chief (TECUMSEH) attempted to rally various tribes behind British power in North America. What was his fate? [288]

CW – 47D – Shawnee chief who tried to unify the woodlands Indians against American expansion. Died fighting alongside British troops at the Battle of the Thames, 1813. [d.12]

Front 35

13. Cite two examples of poor militia performance during the War of 1812: [L]

CW – 13D – Democrat-Republicans believed that the safest first line of defense was the _______. At Bladensburg during the war of 1812, it ran; At Queenstown, it refused to cross the Niagara River, leaving the Regulars stranded without support. [c.5, d.13]

Back 35

Cite two examples of poor militia performance during the War of 1812: [L]
a.
b.

CW – 13D – Democrat-Republicans believed that the safest first line of defense was the (MILITIA). At Bladensburg during the war of 1812, it ran; At Queenstown, it refused to cross the Niagara River, leaving the Regulars stranded without support. [c.5, d.13]

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14. 75 British ships on blockading duty in North America dropped U.S. export value from $_____ million in 1811 to $_____ million in the war’s last full year, 1814. [L]

CW – 48A – The British _____ blockade drastically lowered the U.S. import-export total and the coastwise trade between 1812 – 1814. [d.14]

Back 36

75 British ships on blockading duty in North America dropped U.S. export value from $(?) million in 1811 to $(?) million in the war’s last full year, 1814. [L]

CW – 48A – The British (NAVAL) blockade drastically lowered the U.S. import-export total and the coastwise trade between 1812 – 1814. [d.14]

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15. Future president ______ _______ was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans, fought 8 January 18__, before/after the war officially ended. [289]

CW – 63A – At the Battle of New _______, the Jackson’s assemblage of pirates, militia, and some regular army units whipped British General Edward Packenham’s red coats 8 January 1815. Ironically, the war had already ended. [d.15]

CW – 31D – He came from the Waxhaws, a Scotch-Irish area on the NC-SC border. He was anti-British, a gambler, and dueler. He gained notoriety as an Indian fighter for his victory against the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend (1813) and became a nationally known hero for his victory at New Orleans in 1815. Served as Tennessee Supreme Court justice, Tennessee senator, and state governor. He believed that the government was accountable to the people. He became the 7th president in 1828. [d.15]

Back 37

Future president (ANDREW JACKSON) was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans, fought 8 January 18(14), before/after the war officially ended. [289]

CW – 63A – At the Battle of New (Orleans), the Jackson’s assemblage of pirates, militia, and some regular army units whipped British General Edward Packenham’s red coats 8 January 1815. Ironically, the war had already ended. [d.15]

CW – 31D – He came from the Waxhaws, a Scotch-Irish area on the NC-SC border. He was anti-British, a gambler, and dueler. He gained notoriety as an Indian fighter for his victory against the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend (1813) and became a nationally known hero for his victory at New Orleans in 1815. Served as Tennessee Supreme Court justice, Tennessee senator, and state governor. He believed that the government was accountable to the people. He became the 7th president in 1828. [d.15] – Andrew Jackson

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16. The war devastated the New England economy. In 1814 New England Federalists met at the ________ Convention and discussed the possibility of a separate peace with England in exchange for Britain lifting the blockade. [290]

CW – 20D – Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Massachusetts vigorously opposed the War of 1812 and even sold supplies to British forces and refused to contribute militia forces for the defense of the Canadian frontier. The ________ Convention of December 1814 was an attempt by these states to restore pro-British Federalist power to the national government. Instead, the already weakened Federalists Party was branded as traitorous. [d.16]

Back 38

The war devastated the New England economy. In 1814 New England Federalists met at the (HARTFORD) Convention and discussed the possibility of a separate peace with England in exchange for Britain lifting the blockade. [290]

CW – 20D – Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Massachusetts vigorously opposed the War of 1812 and even sold supplies to British forces and refused to contribute militia forces for the defense of the Canadian frontier. The (HARTFORD) Convention of December 1814 was an attempt by these states to restore pro-British Federalist power to the national government. Instead, the already weakened Federalists Party was branded as traitorous. [d.16]

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17. List the terms of the Treaty of Ghent (1814). How did it usher in a new era of Anglo-American cooperation? [L]

CW – 32A – From 1814 onward, Great Britain and the United States would resort to _________ instead of war to settle disputes. [d.17]

CW – 46A – This treaty ended the War of 1812 and ushered in a new era of Anglo-American relations. [d.17]

Back 39

List the terms of the Treaty of Ghent (1814). How did it usher in a new era of Anglo-American cooperation? [L]
a. Silent on: impressment, fisheries, status of Great Lakes
b. Provided for: return of territory (U.S. retains West Florida), POW exchange.

CW – 32A – From 1814 onward, Great Britain and the United States would resort to () instead of war to settle disputes. [d.17]

CW – 46A – This treaty ended the War of 1812 and ushered in a new era of Anglo-American relations. [d.17] –

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18. The Republicans had stopped the “power hungry” Federalists, but had they stopped the rise of manufacturing interests?

Back 40

The Republicans had stopped the “power hungry” Federalists, but had they stopped the rise of manufacturing interests? – No

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CW – 4A– In 1809, the U.S.S. __________ was stopped by a British frigate, raked with gunfire, and then boarded. Americans protested this British outrage. [283]

Back 41

CW – 4A – In 1809, the U.S.S. (CHESAPEAKE) was stopped by a British frigate, raked with gunfire, and then boarded. Americans protested this British outrage. [283]

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CW – 39A – 2,000 lbs.

Back 42

CW – 39A – 2,000 lbs. - Ton

Front 43

CW – 44A – John Adams ______ the Federal judicial system with judges. The 1801 act, which authorized him to do this, was repealed in 1802. Clue: You do it to suitcase.

Back 43

CW – 44A – John Adams ______ the Federal judicial system with judges. The 1801 act, which authorized him to do this, was repealed in 1802. Clue: You do it to suitcase. – Packed

Front 44

CW – 5D – John _________ was a Federalist circuit court judge who Democrat-Republicans found an easy target for removal because of hs notorious alcoholism. [279]

Back 44

CW – 5D – John (PICKERING) was a Federalist circuit court judge who Democrat-Republicans found an easy target for removal because of hs notorious alcoholism. [279]

Front 45

CW – 9D – _____’s Bill #2 signaled to France and England that whichever one rescinded its restrictive policies first would enjoy the benefits of resumed American trade while the stubborn one was excluded. [284]

Back 45

CW – 9D – (Macon)’s Bill #2 signaled to France and England that whichever one rescinded its restrictive policies first would enjoy the benefits of resumed American trade while the stubborn one was excluded. [284]

Front 46

CW – 25D – About 90% of government revenues were generated from it. The problem for American diplomacy as far as the Federalists were concerned was the 90% of U.S. imports came from Great Britain.

Back 46

CW – 25D – About 90% of government revenues were generated from it. The problem for American diplomacy as far as the Federalists were concerned was the 90% of U.S. imports came from Great Britain. – Tariff

Front 47

CW – 51D – As 1st Speaker of the House (1789) his first order of business was to draft the Bill of Rights. Several states made final ratification of the Constitution dependent on these 10 constitutional amendments.

Back 47

CW – 51D – As 1st Speaker of the House (1789) his first order of business was to draft the Bill of Rights. Several states made final ratification of the Constitution dependent on these 10 constitutional amendments.

Front 48

CW – 52D – Another name for harbor.

Back 48

CW – 52D – Another name for harbor.