History Chapter 4: The Greek Experience

Front 1

Hellas

Back 1

-land of greece and its earliest inhabitants
-minoans and mycenaeans

Front 2

Hellenic

Back 2

-time between arrival of greeks (2000 bc) and victory of Philip of Mecedon (338 bc)
-greek civilization in greece

Front 3

Hellenistic

Back 3

-time between Alexander the Great (336 bc) and Roman conquest of the Hellenistic east (146 bc)
-spread of greek civilization outside of greece

Front 4

Mycenanaen Greece

Back 4

-bronze implements
-most significant political unit kingdom
-king and warrior aristocracy
-vast trade and commerce
-destroyed itself by civil war

Front 5

Minoan Civilization

Back 5

-earliest inhabitants of Balkan Peninsula
-bronze implements
-trade and commerce
-island of Crete

Front 6

polis

Back 6

-greek city-state

Front 7

acropolis

Back 7

-elevated public area of temples, monuments, and dedications of gods

Front 8

agora

Back 8

-public square
-marketplace

Front 9

greek colonization

Back 9

-greek not especially fertile
-some greeks migrated to other areas
-became successful and established permanent towns

Front 10

sparta and the helots

Back 10

-sparta conquered messenia
-made the messenians helots, or state serfs
-serfs revolted, causing a reform of the social state
-lycurgan system

Front 11

Lycurgan System

Back 11

-all spartan men givinen equal political rights
-two kings
-five elected overseers
-helots worked
-citizens trained
-primary allegiance to sparta

Front 12

athens

Back 12

-created democracy system

Front 13

solon

Back 13

-alarmed by power of nobles
-elected as chief magistrate
-given broad powers to reform state
-major social reforms (freed debt slaves, recalled exiles, canceled land debts)
-resigned for fear of gaining too much power

Front 14

cleisthenes

Back 14

-created deme to serve as basis of political system
-citizenship linked to demes
-grouped all demes into 10 tribes
-centralized government

Front 15

persian wars

Back 15

-greeks rebelled against persian empire
-persia struck back but retreated
-xerxes invaded but was held off

Front 16

delian league

Back 16

-athens and their allies
-naval alliance aimed at liberating ionia from persian rule

Front 17

peloponnesian war

Back 17

-athens grew powerful
-sparta alarmed
-war between sparta and athens
-athens surrendered after a generation

Front 18

thucydides/herodotus

Back 18

-greek historians that are generally accurate
-great emphasis on cause and effect

Front 19

Acropolis

Back 19

-built to commmorate victory over Persia
-tribute to athenian and greek valor
-dedicated to athena

Front 20

Athenian playwrights

Back 20

-Aeschylus (The Oresteia)
-Sophocles (Antigone, Oedipus the King)
-Euripides

Front 21

Thales

Back 21

-first pre-socratic philosopher
-natural phenomena explained by natural causes, not gods
-beginning of scientific method

Front 22

democritus

Back 22

-created atomic theory that universe is made up of invisible, indestructible particles

Front 23

hippocrates

Back 23

-natural explanations for natural phenomena
-natural means used to fight disease
-medicine separate craft with its own principles
-today's medical oath named after him

Front 24

socrates

Back 24

-believed human beings are subjects of philosophical inquiry
-general topic narrowed down to specifics
-continuous questioning, running dialogue
-brought to trial and executed for corrupting youth

Front 25

plato

Back 25

-student of socrates
-founded The Academy, a philosophical school
-questioned society, pondered utopia
-author of the republic and the laws

Front 26

aristotle

Back 26

-philospher and scientist
-student of plato
-strove to understand universe
-studied people, physics, universe, etc

Front 27

philip II of macedonia

Back 27

-united macedonia
-built strong army
-conquered greece
-helped form league of corinth
-assassinated
-father of alexander the great

Front 28

alexander the great

Back 28

-son of philip II
-king of macedonia
-invaded/conquered persia
-continually conquered lands around him
-led great crusades

Front 29

hellenistic kingdoms

Back 29

-monarchies
-ruler cults that linked king to gods
-royal women
-refused to grant sovereignty to cities
-great cultural centers

Front 30

hellenistic mystery cults

Back 30

-religious body of ritual kept secret from anyone not in the cult
-incorporated greek and eastern religions
-promised life after death
-personal religion

Front 31

aristarchus

Back 31

-astronomer who concluded that sun is far larger than earth and stars are distant
-sun center of solar system

Front 32

archimedes

Back 32

-skilled inventor of catapults, screws, pulleys
-founded science of hydrostatics

Front 33

erotosthenes

Back 33

-served as librarian of royal library in alexandria, egypt
-calculated circumference of earth; only off by 185 miles

Front 34

stoicism

Back 34

-school of thought that rejected epicureans
-people only happy if living in accordance with nature
-participate in politics but don't changed order
-achievements don't matter, virtue does
-one natural law governs all

Front 35

epicurus

Back 35

-based view of life on scientific theories
-naturalistic theory of universe
-gods have no effect on human life
-reject world, examine yourself
-ignore politics

Front 36

euclid

Back 36

-wrote a valuable textbook of geometry
-the elements of geometry

Front 37

pythagoras

Back 37

-mathematician
-popular math theory named after him