History --- Chapter 3 Test

Front 1

Monsoon

Back 1

A seasonal wind pattern in southwest Asia.

EX: It blows warm, moist air from the southwest during summer; and cold, dry air from the northeast during winter

Front 2

Sanskrit

Back 2

The first writing system of the Aryans.

EX: It was developed in around 1000 B.C.

Front 3

Varnas

Back 3

The name given by Aryans in ancient India to a group of people in what was believed to be an ideal social structure of four groups.

EX: The groups were priests, warriors, commoners, and peasants

Front 4

Caste

Back 4

A set if rigid social structure categories in ancient India.

EX: It was based partly on skin colour

Front 5

Hinduism

Back 5

The major Indian religious system.

EX: Created sometime around 1500 B.C.

Front 6

Yoga

Back 6

A method of training developed by the Hindus, that supposedly leads them to a oneness woth God.

EX: Bhakti Yoga

Front 7

Reincarnation

Back 7

The rebirth of an individual's souls in a different form after death.

EX: Believed by Hindus and many other religions

Front 8

Karma

Back 8

In Hinduism, the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life.

Ex: Good Karma and Bad Karma

Front 9

Dharma

Back 9

In Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma.

EX: It requires all people to do their duties based on their status in society

Front 10

Buddhism

Back 10

A religious doctrine introduced in northern India during the sixth century.

EX: Its known as Buddha, or "Enlightened One"

Front 11

Nirvana

Back 11

In Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self, and a reunion with the Great World Soul.

EX: Achieving wisdom is a key step to achieving nirvana

Front 12

Silk Road

Back 12

A route between the Roman Empire and China.

EX: It was called that because silk was China's most valuable product

Front 13

Pilgrim

Back 13

A person who travels to a shrine or other holy places.

EX:They gained wealth through religious trade

Front 14

Vedas

Back 14

The earliest known Indian literature.

EX: It contained religious chants and stories

Front 15

Bhagavad Gita

Back 15

Part of the Indian epic Mahabharata.

EX: It was a sermon by the god Krishna

Front 16

Aristocracy

Back 16

An upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another.

EX: China under the Shang Dynasty was ruled by an aristocracy

Front 17

Mandate of Heaven

Back 17

Claims by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in tue universe.

EX: Was a basic principal of Chinese government

Front 18

Dao

Back 18

The key to proper behaviour under Confucianism.

EX: Pronounced "way"

Front 19

Filial Piety

Back 19

The duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family.

EX: An important concept in Confucianism

Front 20

Pictographs

Back 20

Picgure symbols, or characters, that represent an object.

EX: Used in ancient Chinese script

Front 21

Ideagraphs

Back 21

A character that combines two or more pictographs to represent an idea.

EX: Also used in ancient Chinese script

Front 22

Confucianism

Back 22

The system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius.

EX: Intended to help restore order to a society that was in a state of confusion

Front 23

Daoism

Back 23

A system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi.

EX: Based on letting nature take its course through inaction

Front 24

Legalism

Back 24

A popular philosophy developed in China towards the end of the Zhou dynasty.

EX: It is based on using strict laws to put people on the correct path in life

Front 25

Regime

Back 25

The government in power.

EX: The Qin dynasty was a government in power

Front 26

Censorate

Back 26

Part of the Chinese bureaucracy that made sure government officials were doing their jobs.

EX: It became a standard for future Chinese dynasties

Front 27

How did China's physical geography influence the location of its early civilization?

Back 27

The fertile valleys on the east were better for settlement than the mountains and deserts around them.

Front 28

What are the three main types of Indian architecture?

Back 28

The pillar, the stupa, and the rock chamber. All three were used for religious purposes.

Front 29

Who were the Aryans?

Back 29

The Aryans were a grouo of Indo-Europeans who entered into Asia and China during 2000 B.C.

Front 30

Indian Creations.

Back 30

Mathematic and Scientific advancements, astrology, and Hinduism/Buddhism.

Front 31

Chinese Creations

Back 31

Advanced weaponry and fighting techniques (crossbows and horseback fighting) and philosophies that influence tons of things today (Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism). Textile, Watermills, and Iron Casting

Front 32

Mapping

Back 32

Front 33

Places for Mapping

Back 33