Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1. The Treaty of Utrecht ceded Gibraltar and Minorca to which European nation?
|
England
|
|
|
2. The Bourbon reform reached its climax under which monarch?
|
Charles III
|
|
|
3. What was a characteristic of the thought and policies of the 18th century Spanish Enlightenment?
|
A rigid orthodoxy in religion and politics
|
|
|
4. What was one reason for the failure of the Bourbon reforms to achieve their goals?
|
Opposition of conservatives to a much-needed land reform
|
|
|
5. What was the first breach in the monopoly of the Cádiz merchant guild over trade to Spanish America?
|
Organization of the Caracas Company
|
|
|
6. What was a characteristic of the economy of Spanish America in the late Bourbon period?
|
A trend toward regional specialization and monoculture in the production of cash crops
|
|
|
7. Why was there a decline of Spanish colonial manufacturing in the late 18th century?
|
Suffered a decline as a result of competition from foreign goods
|
|
|
8. In the late 18th century, the importance of debt servitude and the rigor of its enforcement depended on what?
|
The availability of labor
|
|
|
9. The intendant system was introduced in the late 18th century to increase what?
|
Increase royal revenues from the Spanish colonies
|
|
|
10. The organization and curricula of Spanish American colonial universities were closely patterned on those of which university?
|
University of Salamanca in Spain
|
|
|
11. Who wrote the Royal Commentaries of the Inca, a work that continues to influence our image of the Inca Empire?
|
Garcilaso de la Vega
|
|
|
12. Which clergy made the most skillful effort to reconcile church dogma and Enlightenment ideas?
|
The Jesuits
|
|
|
13. Who wrote the monumental General History of the Things of New Spain, a veritable encyclopedia of Aztec culture?
|
Bernardino de Sahagún
|
|
|
14. How did the great revolt of Tupac Amaru begin?
|
With the execution of the corregidor Antonio de Arriaga
|
|
|
15. Why did Bourbon Spain fail to reconquer its colonial trade?
|
Because of its own national industrial weakness and its failure to keep sea-lanes open during wartime
|
|
|
16. Why was the Quito Insurrection of 1765 different than most 18th century revolts?
|
Because it was a revolt that united elites, artisans, and shopkeepers against royal taxes and monopolies
|
|
|
1. In the late 18th century, how was the conflict of interests between Spain and its colonies most sharply expressed?
|
In the cleavage between creoles and peninsulars
|
|
|
2. What was one factor responsible for the spread of Enlightenment ideas in the Spanish colonies?
|
The circulation of scientific texts based on the theories of Descartes, Newton, and Leibnitz
|
|
|
3. How did the success of a slave revolt in Haiti affect the creole elites?
|
It dampened interest in independence among creole elites
|
|
|
4. What was one important consequence of Spain’s alliance with Napoleon against England?
|
Spain’s opening of Spanish American ports to trade with neutral nations
|
|
|
5. What did creole leaders do as a result of Napoleon’s decision to place his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne?
|
They prepared to seize power on the pretext of loyalty to Ferdinand VII
|
|
|
6. What was a major difference between the American Revolution and the Latin American struggle for independence?
|
The latter lacked the popular base provided by the more democratic society of the English colonies
|
|
|
7. What did the Venezuelan constitution of 1811 abolish?
|
It abolished indigenous tribute
|
|
|
8. Why did the Venezuelan llaneros initially support the royalist cause?
|
Because the Venezuelan republic attempted to transform them into semi servile peons
|
|
|
9. What was a distinctive feature of Bolívar’s military leadership?
|
It was his advancement of soldiers for merit, without regard to social background or color
|
|
|
10. What was Bolívar’s vision for the political program for Venezuela?
|
A republican regime with suffrage restricted to the propertied elite
|
|
|
11. Where was the last major battle of the Spanish American wars for independence fought?
|
At Ayacucho, Peru, December 9, 1824
|
|
|
12. What event precipitated Brazil’s declaration of independence?
|
The refusal of Dom Pedro to obey the order of the Cortés that he returns to Portugal
|
|
|
13. What distinguished the Hidalgo revolt in Mexico from other Latin American revolutions?
|
The large-scale participation of the indigenous and mixed-blood proletariat
|
|
|
14. Did the Latin American wars of independence leave the existing economic and social structures basically intact?
|
Yes
|
|
|
15. Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?
|
A former slave who led the Haitian Revolution in its demand for the abolition of slavery
|
|
|
16. Who was the woman who saved Bolívar’s life, known as “La Libertadora” (the female liberator)?
|
Manuela Saenz
|
