Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
era when the use of power-driven machines was developed in Great Britain
|
Industrial Revolution
|
|
farmer who invented the seed drill as a new agricultural method
|
Jethro Tull
|
|
movement when landowners combined the small fields to create large farms with fences holding animals such as sheep
|
enclosure movement
|
|
the essential elements that a nation needs to achieve success; land, labor, and capital
|
factors of production
|
|
domestic system where a craft occupation is performed at home (ex. weaving)
|
cottage industry
|
|
the process of changing to power driven machines
|
industrialization
|
|
made pulling seeds less time consuming by inventing the cotton gin
|
Eli Whitney
|
|
invented the spinning jenny, which spun several threads at once during the spinning process because there was too much cotton, not enough thread
|
James Hargreaves
|
|
made thread thinner and stronger with the spinning frame; also built factories to hold the water frame
|
Richard Arkwright
|
|
invented the flying shuttle, which doubled the speed at which a weaver could do the job; attacked and fled to france
|
John Kay
|
|
invented a larger, faster weaving system called power loom in 1785 made by rivers, but the problem is that they cant work in the winter or summer
|
Edmund Cartwright
|
|
a building that housed industrial machines
|
factory
|
|
invented a faster and more efficient steam engine for power and transportation
|
James Watt
|
|
used a steam locomotive to transport goods in 1802
|
Richard Trevithick
|
|
developed a steam ship called "The Clermont" that first ran on the hudson river in new york; his business was the first profitable use of steam navigation
|
Robert Fulton
|
|
report written in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton arguing that industrialization would help the U.S. gain economic independence from Great Britain
|
Report of Manufactures
|
|
came to the US disguised as a farmer in 1789 to make Arkwright machinery at mills and bring textile technology to the US; aka "Father of American Industry"
|
Samuel Slater
|
|
founder of a mill that used a waterfall to run machinery; made canals (models for modern industry) and made the first mill that took cotton through processes to make cloth
|
Francis Cabot Lowell
|
|
founded a textile factory in Belgium, bringing industry to europe
|
William Cockerill
|
|
funds for investment in business
|
capital
|
|
group led by General Ned Ludd that opposed machines that were hurtful to the commonality that put them out of work, movement of burning factories and smashing machines
|
Luddites
|
|
organizations representing workers' interests, used strikes
|
labor unions
|
|
work stoppages used by labor unions
|
strikes
|
|
report by hearings in Parliament in 1832 that described abuses in factories
|
Sadler Report
|
|
system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items
|
mass production
|
|
identical machine parts that were used to make production and repair of goods easier (ex. guns)
|
interchangeable parts
|
|
element of mass production by Henry Ford, where a product moves from worker to worker, as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process
|
assembly line
|
|
economics by Adam Smith saying gov. shouldn't interfere with business
|
laissez-faire
|
|
wrote the "Wreath of Nations" to promote laissez-faire economics, also wanted a market economy
|
Adam Smith
|
|
concerned about population growth caused by development of industry, saying population would always grow faster than food production
|
Thomas Malthus
|
|
someone who starts a business, ex. financiers, bankers and investors who used money to start large corporations
|
entrepreneur
|
|
led the expansion of steel industry in America
|
Andrew Carnegie
|
|
wrote the Iron Law of Wages, saying population would grow faster so there would be no jobs, leading to starvation
|
David Ricardo
|
|
negative word used to describe entrepreneurs like Andrew Carnegie that took advantage of their workers
|
robber barons
|
|
believed in socialism and built a mill in Scotland, founded a community in America that was a utopia
|
Robert Owen
|
|
theory by Robert Owen saying society or government, instead of individuals, should own property and control industry
|
socialism
|
|
thought that when capital grew, workers would sink into property, rebel and control means of production, collapse socialism (communist manifesto)
|
Frederich Engels and Karl Marx
|
|
1st volume written by Karl Marx against capitalism, saying that it disrupts the relationship between labor and profit, wanted socialism and communism
|
"Das Kapital"
|
|
system in which gov. owns almost all the means of production and controls economic planning
|
communism
|
|
level of material comfort, quality of life
|
standard for living
|