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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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t/f- Robert Fulton became famous for developing the first steam-powered locomotive |
false |
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t/f- Samuel Slater became known as the Father of American Industry after building the complex Arkwright machinery from memory at a mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island |
true |
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t/f- Only men worked in Great Britain's emerging factories |
false |
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t/f- U.S. Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton argued that industrialization would help the young United States gain economic independence from Great Britain |
true |
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t/f- Mass production made putting together products and repairing machines much easier |
true |
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t/f- Karl Marx believed that communism was necessary as an intermediate stage in the transition from capitalism to socialism |
true |
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t/f- Britain's enclosure movement not only supported population growth, but also helped make all farmers wealthier |
false |
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t/f- As steam power began to be used commercially, factories began to be built near coal mines rather than near rivers and streams |
true |
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t/f- The industrialization of France was delayed by British secrecy, the French Revolution, and the Napoleonic Wars |
true |
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Which of the following was one factor that allowed Britain to industrialize first?
a. widespread famine b. British colonies c. government-owned factories d. a strong army
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b |
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After about 1825, factories began to be located near
a. rivers b. coal mines c. the ocean d. cotton fields |
b |
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What initially delayed the growth of industry in Germany?
a. a revolution b. a lack of natural resources c. the lack of a central government d. a reactionary dictatorship |
c |
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Which of the following natural resources was most important for the early development of industry in Great Britain?
a. coal b. iron ore c. water d. timber |
c |
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Which of the following countries was the first to industrialize?
a. the United States b. Great Britain c. France d. Japan |
b |
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How did industrialization hurt skilled craft workers working in cottage industry? a. by leading to a labor movement that raised wages b. by leading to a shortage of raw materials c. by shifting populations from countryside to city d. by undercutting prices for their products |
d |
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Which of the following was one effect of the factory system?
a. More people joined the middle class b. Workers became more skilled c. The price of products increased d. Workers dealt directly with merchants |
a |
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Mass production, which created an increase in the quantity of goods purchased, led to
a. more consumer goods available to more people b. higher wages and shorter hours c. an increase in the cost of factory-made goods d. an increase in the number of workers factories needed |
a
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People who advocated social democracy wanted to a. elect Karl Marx president of the United States b. establish utopias around the world c. move from capitalism to socialism by democratic means d. move from capitalism to socialism through a revolution |
c |
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Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels argued that capitalism would inevitably lead to
a. an energy crisis b. poverty and a workers' revolution c. an extensive welfare state d. enslavement of most of the population |
b
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The idea of separate spheres implied that a. women and men should work side by side in industry b. men provided moral guidance in the business world c. women stayed home while men supported the family d. boys and girls should be educated separately |
c
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What enabled the United States to industrialize rapidly?
a. a wealth of natural resources and a large labor force b. the enclosure movement c. a strong navy and merchant marine d. the criminalization of the labor movement |
a |
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Industrialization had which of the following effects on the middle-class people?
a. They worked harder than ever before b. They now had time and money to spend on leisure c. They became active in the labor movement d. Their standard of living decreased |
b |
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Britain's colonial empire fueled the development of industry in that country because a. the nation had access to vast amounts of raw materials b. the war machine required quick and efficient production of goods c. colonies provided slave labor for growing industries d. workers in the colonies earned far less than workers in Britain |
a |
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Which of the following was a negative result of the growth of the textile industry in Great Britain?
a. fewer cotton farms in Great Britain b. the huge population growth in the country c. the expansion of agriculture in India d. the spread of slavery in the United States |
d |
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A region in northwestern England became known as the "black country" because a. laborers there smudged coal dust on their faces to keep the sun out of their eyes b. iron-smelling factories polluted the air c. industries located there were all immensely profitable d. the sand on the beach was dark gray |
b |
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The Luddite movement emerged in order to
a. agitate for the ten-hour day b. oppose industrial changes that were putting weavers out of work c. direct strikes breaking out all over Great Britain d. abolish child labor |
b |
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What led to the growth of the middle class?
a. industry's need for managers and other mid-level farms b. the increasing profit earned from small, family-owned farms c. the increase in prices of manufactured goods d. the growth of universities |
a |
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The mercantile system in Britain was replaced by
a. entrepreneurship b. socialism c. department stores d. laissez-faire economics |
d |
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According to Marx and Engels, establishing a society based on cooperation and equal distribution of wealth would require
a. an energy crisis b. development of a wealthy industrial class c. universal public education d. a revolution |
d |
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____________ was a British farmer who invented the seed drill, a machine that made planting grain more efficient. |
Jethro Tull |
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____________ made the production of cotton more profitable by inventing a machine that removed seeds from raw cotton blossoms. |
Eli Whitney |
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Inventions that transformed cloth-making from a cottage industry to a machine-driven industry led to the construction of large buildings called __________. |
factories |
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The era when the use of power-driven machinery began to develop is called the ___________________. |
Industrial Revolution |
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The inventor _________________ developed an efficient steam engine that was a crucial innovation in industrialization. |
James Watt |
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The world's first mill that took raw cotton through all the processes to turn it into finished cloth was located in ___________, Massachusetts. |
Lowell |
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Funds for investment of business, called _________, were crucial to the industrialization of Great Britain. |
capital |
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British workers organized into __________________ in the early 1800s to pressure employers to raise wages and improve working conditions in factories. |
labor unions |
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Elements of ___________________, the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items, became known as the American system. |
mass production |
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In his book The Wealth of Nations, author ____________________ declared that markets free from government interference would benefit everyone. |
Adam Smith |
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In industrialization countries, the _________________________, or level of material comfort, generally improved. |
standard of living |
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In Great Britain, _______ was crucial for heating water to power steam engines. |
coal |
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_________________, drawn by jobs in American factories, moved to the United States from around the world |
Immigrants |
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The theory that government, rather than individuals, should own property and control industry is called ______________. |
socialism |
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someone who starts a new business |
entrepreneur |
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Founder of the world's first all-in-one mill |
Frances Cabot Lowell |
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Workers who burned factories and smashed machines to protest industrialization |
Luddites |
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The process of changing to power driven machinery |
industrialization |
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The belief that communities can solve society's problems |
utopianism |
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Work stoppages used to pressure employers to improve working conditions |
strikes |
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Workers produce goods at home |
cottage industry |
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Agriculture development that displaced farmers |
enclosure movement |
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Wealthy oil industrialist |
John D. Rockefeller |
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Nickname of polluted region in northwestern England |
"black country" |
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Land, labor, and capital |
factors of production |
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Economic system free of regulation |
laissez-faire |
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Government owns property and controls industry |
socialism |
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Government that helped modernize Japan |
Meiji |
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Government owns the means of production and controls economic planning |
communism |
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Why was Britain's navy and merchant fleet important to the country's industrialization? |
They could bring in raw materials and send finished goods around the world. |
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Compare and Contrast. Work at home and work in a factory. |
Home- better quality, manage own work schedule, work faster if more money needed Factory- bad working conditions, poor ventilation, pollution, little pay, long hours, more quantity |
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How did Robert Owen's ideas differ from those of Thomas Malthus? |
Robert Owen believed in socialism, in which a government owns property and controls the industry. Thomas Malthus believed that the population would grow faster than food production. |
