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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Between what years was the Boer War fought? |
1899 - 1902 |
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Who fought in the Boer War? |
The British Empire Vs the Boer Republic of South Africa |
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What were the Boers? |
Farmers |
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What was the strategic reason of the British for the Boer War? |
The British wanted to expand their Empire as it would then free up a route to India who was part of the British Empire |
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When was gold discovered in the Boer regions? |
1886 |
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The discovery of gold worried the British because they thought that the Boer regions could get very powerful from this wealth. True or False? |
True |
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Who were the Uitlanders? |
They were British foreigners living in the Boer lands and they had moved their to seek fortune |
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What could the Uitlanders not do? |
They could not vote in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State |
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How many phases can the Boer War be split into? |
Three phases |
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When was the first phase of the Boer War? |
October 1899 - January 1900 |
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What happened to the British in the first phase of the Boer War? |
They suffered a series of humiliating defeats during Black Week, at Spion Kop and they were besieged at Ladysmith, Kimberley and Mafeking |
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Who was the commander of the British forces through the first phase of the Boer War? |
General Buller |
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When was the second phase of the Boer War? |
February 1900 - June 1900 |
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What happened in the second phase of the Boer War? |
There were British victories and the British managed to break or relieve the sieges and capture key Boer settlements |
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When was Kimberley and Ladysmith relieved? |
February 1900 |
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When was Mafeking relieved? |
May 1900 |
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Who was the British commander during the second phase of the Boer War? |
Field Marshall Lord Roberts ('Bobs') |
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When was the third phase of the Boer War? |
Late 1900 and throughout 1901 |
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What was the tactics of the Boers through the third phase of the Boer War? |
Guerrilla warfare |
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What did Boer commanders attack? |
British railways and supply lines |
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How did the British respond to the Boer commanders attacks? |
They destroyed Boer farms, cleared Boer areas and established concentration camps |
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In May 1902 what was signed and what did this do? |
The Peace of Vereeniging was signed. The Transvaal and the Orange Free State became part of the British Empire |
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Who was the British commander during the third phase of the Boer War? |
Field Marshall Horatio Kitchener |
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Who achieved fame through his reporting during the Boer War? |
Winston Churchill
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Most newspapers were supportive of the war effort. What newspaper opposed the war? |
The Manchester Guardian |
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Who enjoyed an increase in sales through the war? Pro-war or anti-war? |
Pro-war |
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What was the best selling daily newspaper in the country by 1899? |
The Daily Mail |
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The Morning Post and The Times were pro-war but critical of what? |
Government planning and organisation |
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War correspondents were generally uncritical about the war effort and sometimes put out false information to try to help the British. True or False? |
True |
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Who did Winston Churchill report for during the war? |
The Morning Post |
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What was a story that Winston Churchill reported on? |
How he was captured and then he managed to escape from the Boers in December 1899 |
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Was Winston Churchill pro-war or anti-war? Was he honest in his reports? |
He was pro-war but he gave honest accounts of British defeats and the deaths and injuries of soldiers |
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Who criticised the army after Black Week? |
Bennett Burleigh of the Daily Telegraph |
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The Boer War was the second war to have an official British army censor. True or False? |
False. It was the first |
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What was General Buller's view of the press? What happened after the events of Black Week? |
He had a negative view of the press and received bad press after Black Week |
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What did Field Marshall Roberts realise about the press? |
That it was valuable in maintaining morale and in generating positive public image. He tried to get press support by supplying war correspondents with information |
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What did Lord Kitchener think about the press? |
He felt that it needed to be controlled so he introduced greater censorship during the guerrilla phase of the war |
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As the conflict dragged on into 1901, reports emerged about something which caused support to decline. What was this? |
Concentration camps |
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Which newspaper sponsored a Soldiers Wives and Children fund? |
The Daily Mail |
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Until what year was The Daily News supporting the war? |
1901 |
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The result of the 1900 'Khaki' election showed what? |
That there was support of the public for the Boer War |
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How much money was raised for the Soldiers Wives and Children Fund by the end of the war? |
£70,000 was raised |
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What was the reaction to anti-war people during the early part of the war? |
They received a lot of hostility |
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At a meeting in Birmingham what happened to Lloyd George? |
He was attacked by a pro-war crowd and he had to escape |
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Leonard Courtney received a very hostile reaction when he made his anti-war speech. True or False? |
True |
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Who was particularly pro-war? |
The Conservative Party |
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Who in particular was known for his pro-war stance? |
Joseph Chamberlain |
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Where was support for the war particularly strong? |
Birmingham and London |
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Which election indicated that the British public may have supported the war less after in had ended? |
The Liberal Landslide in 1906 |
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When did the British declare that they had won the Boer war? |
1900 |
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What was Kitchener's scorched earth policy? |
It was where farms were ransacked and burnt when the Boers were absent |
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Poor organisation, inadequate supplies, sanitation and medical provisions led to what in concentration camps? |
There was lots of disease and hunger within the camps |
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Overcrowding was another problem for the concentration camps. At their peak the camps contained how many people? |
140,000 |
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Death rates ran at the astonishingly high rate of __ per cent in white camps |
34 |
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Black Africans were housed together with white people and received the same food and medical attention. True or False? |
False. They were housed separately and they received even less food and medical attention |
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How many Boers and how many black Africans were estimated to have died in the camps by the end of the war? |
20,000 Boers and 12,000 black Africans |
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In January 1901 a reporter visited South Africa and a concentration camp in Bloemfontein. Who was the reporter? |
Emily Hobhouse |
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What did Emily Hobhouse do after her experiences at the concentration camp in Bloemfontein? |
She wrote to her brother who was a journalist for the Manchester Guardian about the horrendous conditions |
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What did Henry Campbell Bannerman do after hearing about concentration camps? |
He made a famous speech against the British use of concentration camps and the scorched earth policy |
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What did Henry Campbell Bannerman describe the British use of concentration camps and the scorched earth policy as? |
'Methods of barbarism' |
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Millicent Fawcett was sent to South Africa to see the concentration camps. Fawcett and her commission supported Hobhouse's findings and put in some recommendations. What were these? |
Rations, hygiene and medical care in camps improved and that the camps should be administered by civilian authorities and not military |
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Death rates fell to ___ per cent and eventually _ per cent after the Fawcett Commission |
6.9 to 2 |
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The Boer War was fought to enhance Britain's imperial status. True or False? |
True |
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What song was produced for the Boer War? |
Land of Hope and Glory (1902) |
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The Union Jack encouraged people to feel pride in the empire. True or False? |
True |
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What did Baden Powell establish in 1907 and what did it do? |
He established the Scouting movement which promoted patriotic values |
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What did many opponents of the war criticise it for? |
They claimed that it was fought to benefit the rich businessmen (such as Cecil Rhodes) as they were in pursuit of gold mines |
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JA Hobson, the Manchester Guardian correspondent in South Africa published an influential book criticising the British Empire. What was it called? |
Imperialism - A Study (1902) |
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Did JA Hobson's book have some impact upon the wider British public during the 1906 election campaign? |
Yes |
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What does the term National Efficiency refer to? |
It refers to the notion that Britain was losing its position as the worlds leading power |
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Some people started to worry that Britain's national efficiency was declining when they struggled to win the war. True or False? |
True |
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What fraction of people that signed up for the army got turned away because of their poor health and physical condition? |
A third |
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What did people think the effect would be of the poor health and physical conditions of people in Britain? |
They thought that it would leave Britain unable to defend the Empire |
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What were the 2 main army reforms? |
The Esher Reforms and The Haldane Reforms |
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What was the first thing that the Esher report did? |
They set improvements to army organisation through better defined roles such as chief of the general staff who had responsibility for planning and training |
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What was the second thing that the Esher report did? |
Improved training and professionalism with the establishment of a military training base at Salisbury Plain and officer training at Camberley |
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What was the third thing that the Esher report did? |
They introduced new and better weapons such as an improved Lee-Enfield Rifle |
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What force did the Haldane Reforms introduce? |
The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) which was a permanent battle-ready fighting force. This force made an important contribution during the First World War |
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What organisation was improved in the Haldane Reforms? |
The organisation of the Territorial Army (TA) was improved and strengthened. This also played an important role during the First World War |
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What was the effect of both The Esher Reforms and the Haldane Reforms? |
They made the British Army stronger, more effective and more efficient |
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What was the social reforms between 1906 - 14? |
The Liberal Reforms |
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What were the Liberal Reforms designed to do? |
Improve the health and well-being of the poorest in society |
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The interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration of 1904 highlighted how poverty and associated problems such as rickets weakened the physical condition of British people. True or False? |
True |
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What Act was set up in 1906 to help children? |
The Free School Meals Act - Local authorities could provide meals for the poorest children in schools |
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What Act made it compulsory for the poorest workers and workers in industries most prone to unemployment to participate in a government backed scheme to provide insurance against sickness and unemployment? |
The National Insurance Act of 1911 |
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Measures were also taken to restrict exploitation of workers and provide medical checks for school children. True or False? |
True |
