History Britain And Warfare - Section 1

Front 1

Who battled in the Crimean war?

Back 1

The Russian Empire on one side and Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire on the other

Front 2

What year did fighting between the Ottomans and the Russians start?

Back 2

1853

Front 3

When did Britain and France get involved in the fighting between the Russians and the Ottomans?

Back 3

1854

Front 4

What were the 3 main causes of the Crimean war?

Back 4

Religion, territory and control

Front 5

What did the Russian Tsar refer to the Ottoman Empire as?

Back 5

The 'sick man of Europe'

Front 6

Britain and France wanted to prevent the Russians becoming too powerful in the Black Sea region. True or False?

Back 6

True

Front 7

When was the start of the invasion of the Crimea?

Back 7

14th September 1854

Front 8

What happened at the Battle of Alma on 20th September 1854?

Back 8

The British and French defeated Russian forces at the Alma River near Sevastopol

Front 9

When was the Battle of Balaclava?

Back 9

24-25 October 1854

Front 10

Which newspaper was very influential and had the largest circulation in Europe?

Back 10

The Times

Front 11

During the war, The Times newspaper's circulation rose from _____ to _____.

Back 11

42,500 to 58,500

Front 12

What was the name of the reporter that was sent to the Crimea?

Back 12

William Howard Russell

Front 13

William Howard Russell's reports showed what?

Back 13

Sympathy for the situation of ordinary soldiers

Front 14

What did William Howard Russell criticise?

Back 14

The army medical facilities and the poor living conditions of British soldiers

Front 15

What did The Times establish following Russell's reports on problems with medical supplies in the Crimea?

Back 15

They established the 'Crimea Fund'

Front 16

When was the 'Crimea Fund' established?

Back 16

October 1854

Front 17

What did the 'Crimea Fund' do?

Back 17

It raised money to send supplies to the Crimea

Front 18

How much money did the 'Crimea Fund' raise?

Back 18

Over £7,000

Front 19

Why were not all of Russell's reports entirely reliable?

Back 19

After 25th November 1854, Russell was part of a deliberate campaign ordered by The Times editor to undermine and attack Lord Raglan (Commander-in-Chief of the British Army). He also did not witness all of the events that he described

Front 20

What did Roger Fenton do?

Back 20

He was a photographer

Front 21

What did Roger Fenton's photographs normally show?

Back 21

Military camps, ordinary soldiers and their lives and the aftermath of battles

Front 22

How was Roger Fenton limited in his job?

Back 22

He was instructed to not take photographs of dead bodies

Front 23

What did Roger Fenton do about not being able to take pictures of moving people or objects?

Back 23

He staged many of his images

Front 24

The public were particularly concerned about for ordinary soldiers?

Back 24

Their living conditions

Front 25

After the war, reforms had been made to the officer class and organisation of the army due to Russell's reports and The Times' campaign. True or False?

Back 25

True

Front 26

The impact of the press created a political crisis between what years?

Back 26

1854 - 1855

Front 27

What was the Thin Red Line?

Back 27

It was a formation of 2 rows and the British stopped the Russians by firing volleys of musket shots.

Front 28

Who depicted the soldiers as a 'thin red streak'?

Back 28

William Howard Russell

Front 29

Who was Lord Raglan?

Back 29

He was Commander-in-Chief of the British Army during the Crimean War.

Front 30

When did Lord Raglan die?

Back 30

June 1855

Front 31

Who was Lord Lucan?

Back 31

Commander of the Cavalry Division which included the Heavy Brigade and the Light Brigade

Front 32

Who was Lord Cardigan?

Back 32

Commander of the Light Brigade

Front 33

During what battle was the Charge of the Light Brigade?

Back 33

The Battle of Balaclava

Front 34

____ ______ issued a hurried and poorly explained order to ____ _____ to charge at the Russians' guns. ____ ______ intended ____ _____ to focus upon retaking British guns that the Russians had taken on Causeway Heights.

Back 34

Lord Raglan, Lord Lucan, Lord Raglan, Lord Lucan

Front 35

Captain Nolan (the officer in charge of delivering the message to Lord Lucan) was not able to clarify the order properly to Lucan so Lucan went ahead with the charge and mistakenly sent the Light Brigade down a valley where they were surrounded by Russian forces. True or False?

Back 35

True

Front 36

The Charge of the Light Brigade has gone down in history as a great victory. True or False?

Back 36

False. It has gone down as a horrendous military blunder

Front 37

Of the 661 who set off on The Charge of the Light Brigade, how many were killed, wounded and taken prisoner?

Back 37

113 were killed. 134 were wounded. 45 were taken prisoner

Front 38

What impressions did Russell's accounts create?

Back 38

That there was error of army leadership and there was a tragic waste of life

Front 39

Who made a poem about the Charge of the Light Brigade?

Back 39

Lord Tennyson

Front 40

What did 'The Charge of the Light Brigade' poem celebrate?

Back 40

The ordinary British soldiers bravery

Front 41

Who were the 2 nurses of the Crimean War?

Back 41

Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole

Front 42

Where were the main British hospitals located?

Back 42

Scutari

Front 43

Approximately how many men could be treated at the hospitals at Scutari?

Back 43

6,000

Front 44

How many medical assistants were there for every 100 soldiers?

Back 44

Four

Front 45

Provision of medical supplies was inefficient and hospitals were insanitary and lacked washing facilities. True or False?

Back 45

True

Front 46

Whatwas the main cause of the death of soldiers?

Back 46

Disease

Front 47

Whendid Florence Nightingale arrive at Scutari and how many nurses did she takewith her?

Back 47

November 1854 with 38 nurses

Front 48

FlorenceNightingale introduced improvements to the water supply, organisation,cleanliness and food at the Scutari hospitals. True or False?

Back 48

True

Front 49

Wheredid Florence Nightingale get the money to buy supplies for the Scutarihospital?

Back 49

The Times Crimea Fund

Front 50

How was Florence Nightingale described?

Back 50

As the 'Lady with the Lamp'

Front 51

What per cent of those admitted to Scutari died in February 1855?

Back 51

52 per cent

Front 52

When did the Sanitary Commission arrive at Scutari?

Back 52

March 1855

Front 53

The Sanitary Commission ordered structural works as the entire sanitation system was inadequate. True or False?

Back 53

True

Front 54

Mortality rates continued to rise after March 1855. True or False?

Back 54

False. They started to drop and were as low as 5.2 per cent by May 1855

Front 55

What was Mary Seacole's hospital called?

Back 55

The British Hotel

Front 56

Where was Mary Seacole's British Hotel and why was it located there?

Back 56

Near Balaclava and so that she could supply provisions to soldiers on the front line

Front 57

Where did Mary Seacole do her nursing?

Back 57

Both in the hospitals and on the battlefield

Front 58

Mary Seacole was not very popular or famous in Britain. True or False?

Back 58

False. She was popular and famous in Britain through her days but her reputation was eclipsed for many years by that of Nightingale

Front 59

What were medical supplies like at Scutari?

Back 59

They were inadequate

Front 60

There was a shortage of wagons to transport the wounded to hospital. True or False?

Back 60

True

Front 61

What did British soldiers have to do during the Great Storm of 14 November 1854 and the cold winter of January-March 1855?

Back 61

They had to camp in tents due to inadequate housing

Front 62

What did the ships Resolute and Prince carry and what happened to them during the Great Storm?

Back 62

They were carrying ammunition, winter clothing and hay for horses. They sank

Front 63

What happened to supplies when they reached the Crimea?

Back 63

They were often not effectively distributed and by the time they did, they were sometimes no longer usable

Front 64

What was the reason for the problems with supplies?

Back 64

There was lack of coordination and the overlapping structures in the British Army

Front 65

How did officers usually obtain their position?

Back 65

Through purchase of commission

Front 66

When was the purchase of commission attacked and for what reason?

Back 66

The winter of 1854-55 because of the disaster of the Charge of the Light Brigade which was due to poor army leadership

Front 67

How was Lord Cardigan seen?

Back 67

He was initially seen as a hero after he charged ahead of his troops during the Charge of the Light Brigade but he was later accused of deserting the Brigade at a crucial moment

Front 68

How was Lord Lucan seen?

Back 68

He received most of the blame for the Charge of the Light Brigade and he was accused of implementing an order which he knew to be senseless

Front 69

What happened to Lord Raglan and how was he seen about the Crimean War?

Back 69

He died in the Crimea in June 1855 and he was held responsible for many of the problems of leadership and organisation during the Crimean campaign

Front 70

Nightingale's name was used to raise funds to establish nursing training. How much was raised by 1859?

Back 70

£45,000

Front 71

St Thomas' Hospital in London established a training school for ten nurses in what year?

Back 71

1860

Front 72

What year was a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army set up?

Back 72

1857

Front 73

When was the Victoria Cross established?

Back 73

1856

Front 74

Why were Army Reforms introduced in 1870-71?

Back 74

In 1855 people were sent to the Crimea to investigate the provision and distribution of supplies to the British Army. They saw civilian and military mismanagement

Front 75

What were the Army Reforms in 1870-71 called?

Back 75

The Cardwell Army Reforms

Front 76

Purchase of Commission was abolished in the Army Reforms. True or False?

Back 76

True

Front 77

The structure of army organisation was simplified and combined under responsibility of one department due to the Army Reforms. True or False?

Back 77

True

Front 78

The country was divided into local regimental districts and each had two battalions. One would stay at home while the other was sent overseas. True or False?

Back 78

True

Front 79

What were 2 limitations of the Cardwell Army Reforms

Back 79

Entrenched interests in the army resisted the reforms

No General Staff was established to engage in military planning

British artillery was not modernised

The 35,000 reserve forces were inadequate for fighting a European war

Front 80

During Gladstone's first administration, 1868-1874, all departments except for the Foreign Office adopted a system of recruiting by competitive examination. True or False?

Back 80

True