History Ap Chapter 13 Flashcards

Front 1

Young America

Back 1

Emerson was one of the first people tu use this phrase, it was considered a period of economic growth, territorial expansion, and technological progress

Front 2

Stephen F. Austin

Back 2

known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States

Front 3

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Back 3

was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine–New Brunswick border. It also established the details of the border between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods

Front 4

Oregon Trail

Back 4

a 2,000-mile historic east-west wagon route that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon and locations in between. It flourished from the 1840s until the coming of the railroad at the end of the 1860s

Front 5

Santa Fe Trail

Back 5

Pioneered in 1822 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial and military highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. At first an international trade route between the United States and Mexico, it was the 1846 U.S. invasion route of New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

Front 6

Joseph Smith

Back 6

was an American religious leader and the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. He was also a theocrat, politician, city planner, military leader, and polygamist, founded the Mormons in America

Front 7

Book of Mormon

Back 7

a sacred text of the Latter Day Saint movement. It was first published in March 1830 by Joseph Smith, Jr.

Front 8

Brigham Young

Back 8

was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the western United States. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Front 9

Nauvoo

Back 9

was a militia originally organized by the Latter Day Saints (Mormons) to defend the city of Nauvoo, Illinois

Front 10

1844 election

Back 10

Democrat James Knox Polk defeated Whig Henry Clay in a close contest that turned on foreign policy, with Polk favoring the annexation of Texas and Clay opposed, Polk released the idea of Manifest Destiny while Clay released another form of the American System

Front 11

John Tyler

Back 11

was the tenth President of the United States and the first to succeed to the office following the death of a predecessor

Front 12

James K Polk

Back 12

Polk was the surprise ("dark horse") candidate for president in 1844, defeating Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party by promising to annex Texas. Became the 11th president

Front 13

Free Development

Back 13

to create and establish a group or anything by ones own will without having government or any interference

Front 14

Manifest Destiny

Back 14

was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic Seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico; the concept was denounced by Whigs, and fell into disuse after the mid-19th century

Front 15

54-40 or Fight

Back 15

slogan "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!", coined to express the expansionist agenda of James K. Polk's presidency, intent upon controlling a contested U.S.-Canada border area in the Oregon boundary dispute

Front 16

Zachary Taylor

Back 16

was the 12th President of the United States and an American military leader. Initially uninterested in politics, Taylor nonetheless ran as a Whig in the 1848 presidential election, defeating Lewis Cass. Taylor was the last President to hold slaves while in office, and the last Whig to win a presidential election

Front 17

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Back 17

the peace treaty, largely dictated by the United States[1][2] to the interim government of a militarily occupied Mexico City, that ended the Mexican-American War (1846 – 48) on February 2, 1848. With the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital, Mexico surrendered to the United States and entered into negotiations to end the war

Front 18

Winfield Scott

Back 18

was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852

Front 19

John C Fremont

Back 19

was an American military officer, explorer, and the first candidate of the anti-slavery Republican Party for the office of President of the United States

Front 20

Samuel Morse

Back 20

was an American contributor to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs, co-inventor of the Morse code, and an accomplished painter

Front 21

Frederick Merk

Back 21

in Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History: A Reinterpretation (1963), he argued that the failure of the All Oregon and All Mexico movements indicates that Manifest Destiny had not been as popular as historians have traditionally portrayed it to have been

Front 22

Charles Goodyear

Back 22

was the first to vulcanize rubber, a process which he discovered in 1839 and patented on June 15, 1844

Front 23

Cyrus McCormick

Back 23

was an American inventor and founder of the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which became part of International Harvester Company in 1902. He is notably known for inventing the mechanical reaper

Front 24

Walt Whitman

Back 24

was an American poet, essayist and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse

Front 25

Herman Melville

Back 25

was an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. He is best known for his novel Moby-Dick and the posthumous novella Billy Budd.

Front 26

Daniel Webster

Back 26

was a leading American statesman and senator during the nation's Antebellum Period. He first rose to regional prominence through his defense of New England shipping interests. Webster's increasingly nationalistic views and the effectiveness with which he articulated them led him to become one of the most famous orators and influential Whig leaders of the Second Party System

Front 27

Secularization Act

Back 27

As part of the Mexican government's Secularization Act of 1833, the land, formerly held by the Mission, was generously distributed to private citizens, requiring only that they build a house and graze cattle, brought to an end the Mission Era

Front 28

Empresarios

Back 28

was a person who, in the early years of the settlement of Texas, had been granted the right to settle on Mexican land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for new settlers. The word is Spanish for entrepreneur

Front 29

Santa Anna

Back 29

was a Native American War Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians. led Mexicans in a battle against the Americans who were trying to separate Texas from Mexico

Front 30

Tejanos

Back 30

a term used to identify a Texan of Hispanic descent or cultural background

Front 31

Davy Crockett

Back 31

was a celebrated 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician. He is referred to in popular culture as Davy Crockett and after the 1950s by the epithet “King of the Wild Frontier.” He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives, served in the Texas Revolution, and died at the Battle of the Alamo

Front 32

Sam Houston

Back 32

was a 19th-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of the Republic of Texas

Front 33

Lone Star Republic

Back 33

refers to Texas for the 10 years in which it was its own separate nation after separating from Mexico