History 7Th Grade Medieval Europe

Front 1

How did the feudalism in Medieval Europe start?

Back 1

Charlemagne's grand father Charles Martel needed an army to fight the Muslims so they gave the land to the nobles in exchange to fight.

Then the nobles hired vassals (knights) by giving them land.

Front 2

What was the reason for Crusades?

Back 2

Crusade was called by pope to recapture the important Holy Land such as Jerusalem from the Muslims

Front 3

What were the monasteries for?

Back 3

Missionaries and nuns lived in monasteries building to worship god and have schools. Their mission was to convert people to Christianity.

Front 4

What were the reason of missionaries?

Back 4

They were the monks who traveled around to convert people to Christianity

Front 5

What was the Battle of Hastings?

Back 5

A war fought on October 14, 1066 between the Norman-French army of Duke Williams II of Normandy and English Army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson. They both wanted to conquer England.

Front 6

What was Battle of Tours?

Back 6

A war fought in 732 between Frankish leader Charles Martel and Muslims near Tours, France

Front 7

What was Concordat of Worms?

Back 7

an agreement between Pope and the ruler of the country signed near the city of Worms. This means only the pope can choose bishops (important church person) but the emperor can choose government officials

Front 8

Friars

Back 8

In Latin it means "brother" - the men who went out to the world to preach Christianity to people. They lived by begging

Front 9

Francis of Assisi

Back 9

He was an Italian Roman Catholic friar who founded the first order of friars

Front 10

mass

Back 10

Catholic worship service on Sundays and holy days

Front 11

heresy

Back 11

a religious belief that conflicts with Church teaching = crime against God (Church tried to control people's beliefs)

Front 12

Inquisition

Back 12

Church court ( questioned and punished people's heresy)

Front 13

How were the Jews treated?

Back 13

Church persecuted Jews and people hated them because they refused to become Christians.

Front 14

Anti-Semitism

Back 14

Hatred of Jews. People hated Jews because they refused to become Christians and they ended money (which Christians thought as sins).

Front 15

theology

Back 15

the study of religion and God

Front 16

Scholasticism

Back 16

the system of theology and philosophy taught in medieval European universities

Front 17

Magna Carta

Back 17

King John became the king of England in 1199 and he punished people without trial and raised taxes. Nobles became angry and had the king sign this document that guarantees certain rights for people.

Front 18

serfs

Back 18

peasants, they were not allowed to own property or land

Front 19

Thomas Aquinas

Back 19

a Dominican frian and priest who believed in scholasticism. He wrote the book Summa Theologica, asking questions about religion and also government. He said there are certain rights government can't take away.

Front 20

vernacular

Back 20

everyday language that people spoke everyday. (Latin was the language of worship and education but not spoken)

Front 21

What is Black Plague

Back 21

A terrible plague (disease) in 1300s killed 19-38 millions of people throughout Europe. It is believed to have brought in by the trade ships.

Front 22

What was Hundred Years' War?

Back 22

a series of wars between England's king Edward III trying to control France 1337-1453. The first major battle took place at Crecy

Front 23

Who was Joan of Arc?

Back 23

a French peasant girl who wanted to fight in Orleans for the French Army against English. She was later captured and burned at the stake.

Front 24

What is Reconquista?

Back 24

The struggle of Spanish and Portuguese Christians to take back the Iberia Peninsula from the Muslims.

Front 25

Who are Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon?

Back 25

Prince and Princess of Spain who wanted all Spain to be Catholic. They set up Spanish Inquisition to punish a lot of Jews and Muslims who refused to convert to Christians.

Front 26

Wha is a "guild"

Back 26

Associations (teams) of tradesmen

Front 27

What is a "grand jury"?

Back 27

Jury (group of selected people) who decided whether people should be

accused of a crime in the trial

Front 28

What is a "Trial jury"?

Back 28

Jury (group of selected people) decided whether an accused person was innocent or guilty

Front 29

Who were "vassals"

Back 29

Knights who fought for the lords and nobles in exchange for land

Front 30

What is a "chivalry"?

Back 30

rule of the knights- A knight was expected to obey his lord, be brave, to show respect to women of noble birth, to honor church, and to help people.

Front 31

Charlemagne

Back 31

Descendant of Charles Martel who invaded Spain and Germany and made them Catholic. He later became known as "Charlemagne the Great". He wanted to educate people

Front 32

Where were the Vikings from?

Back 32

They were from Scandinavian peninsula and lived in fjords. They robbed other ships because they did not have farming land or resources

Front 33

Philip the Fair (IV)

Back 33

ruled from 1285-1314. He met with representatives from 3 estates. 1st estate was the clergy. 2nd was the nobles. 3rd was the peasants. This meeting began the Estates-General, France’s 1st parliament.

Front 34

William the Conqueror

Back 34

Descendant of the Vikings and also the cousin of the English emperor. After Edward died, he conquered England. Did the first census "Domesday book"

Front 35

King John

Back 35

Became the king of England in 1199 and raised taxes. He also punished enemies without trial. People got angry and made him sign Magna Carta which took away some of King's power

Front 36

King Clovis

Back 36

He was the king of Franks who settled in the area now called France in 400s. He became Catholic

Front 37

What was the dispute between Pope Gregory and Henry IV?

Back 37

Pope Gregory wanted kings and nobles away from Church matters and said only pope can assign bishops (high rank church person) . Henry IV fought against and and he was excommunicated.

Front 38

What is "excommunicated"?

Back 38

Henry IV fought Pope Gregory and he was kicked out from the church

Front 39

Otto I

Back 39

king of Germany who was powerful and the pope made him the new emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

Front 40

Why was the Roman Catholic Church important?

Back 40

It was very powerful and controlled people's lives, land and government

Front 41

What are the first and third crusades known as?

Back 41

First crusade was to get the Christian Holy Land Jerusalem back from the Muslims - success.

Second was failure - Muslims won

Third crusade gave Christians free access to Jerusalem

Front 42

What are the 3 parts of the Middle Ages?

Back 42

Early (invading each other)

High (Crusades, Feudalism)and

Late ( Black Plague, heresy - more problems)