History

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the moajority of white Americans, neither rich nor poor; a lot of transiency occured.

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middling classes

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noxious slum that the poor crowded into

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New York's Five Points District

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one who travels from place to place

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itinerant

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women were demanding and winning voice in areas that they were deemed particularly competent

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doctrine of seperate spheres

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children questioned parental authority; young men left home to begin their own life earlier, and young women chose whether they would marry and whom it would be

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individualism

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a prominant architect who published plans for peaceful single family homes that he hoped would offset the "spirit of unrest" and the feverishpace of American life

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Andrew Jackson Downing

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the vote; the right to vote

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suffrage

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to render or declare legally void or inoperative

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nullify

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wealth(money) used or capable of being used in the production of more wealth

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capital

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founded upon or involving the perfection of politics, law, and human realtions

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utopian

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behavior differing from the normal, accepted behavior and/or moraltiy of society

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deviancy

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neediness, poverty

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indigence

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gold, silver, or coined money( as opposed to paper)

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specie

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the act or right of purchasing before othersor in preference to others

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preemption

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one who settles on land, especially public or new land, without title or right.

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squatter

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steamboats, canals, and railroads were built to help people and produce transportation in the 1830's

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transportation revolution

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the condition of being without means of support and living on public or private charity

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pauperism

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before the war; pre-Civil War

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antebellum

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the Indians pressed for protection from expellation and Marshall favored them.

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Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worchester v Georgia

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moving frequently from place to place( as opposed to establishing permanent residency over long periods)

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transiency

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a collective belief that is built up in response to the wishes of a group rather than having a base in fact

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myth

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crops and western land prices plumetted and many speculators were ruined with the National Bank crisis and depression

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Panic of 1819

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roamed and trapped on the Great Plains and beyond

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"mountain men": Kit Carson, Jedidiah Smith, and Jim Beckwourth

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created American trading company

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John Jacob Astor

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his invention of a steamboat and the institution of a regular ferry service on all the major rivers improved transportation

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Robert Fulton. the Clermont, and the Livingston-Fulton monopoly

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gave the president(Jackson) the power to move all Native Americans, by force of neccessary, west of the Mississippi River.

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Indian Removal Act of 1830

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lowered freight rates to a fraction of what they had been and made New York City a leading outlet for midwestern produce

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Erie Canal

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Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles got in the way of westward moving white settlers.

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Five Civilized Tribes

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the industrial arts; technical advances in production methods

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technology

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The Sac, Fox, and other Northeastern Indians put up resistance to relocation

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Black Hawk War

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created an industrial boom in both the north and south

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Eli Whitney, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts

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The Supreme Court decided against the Livingston-Fulton monopoly.

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Gibbons v. Ogden

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opened the first American cotton spinning mill in Rhode Island, but the weaving was still given to women working in their homes.

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Samuel Slater

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Jackson ignored the courts ruling and ordered Indians to cede their land and travel the Trail of Tears westward.

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Trail of Tears

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first to concentrate total cloth production within factory; Lowell women staged two of the largest strikes in American history up to that date

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Boston Associates, Waltham and Lowell Mills

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growing crops to feed and satisfy the needs of the farmer and his family' not cash crops for sale on the market

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subsistence agriculture

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specified payments made at intervals for a period of time, often for life

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annuities

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a court order to a person or persons to do or not do a particular thing

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injunction

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the offspring of one whited and one black parent: a person of mixed black and white ancestry

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mulatto

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the land owned by the government

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public domain

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he cited the" general equality of condition among the people" as the fundamental shaping force of American society

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Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America

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growing crops for sale on the market; farming as a business, big or small

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commercial agriculture